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Global Politics HL > Unit #4 Rights & Justice > Flashcards

Unit #4 Rights & Justice Flashcards

1
Q

Actors

A

Individuals

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2
Q

Individual Right

A

Rights held by a person independently

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3
Q

Group or Collective Rights

A

Rights held by groups of people

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4
Q

Civil Rights

A

Legal protections for individuals against discrimination and unfair treatment.

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5
Q

Moral

A

Principles or beliefs about what is right or wrong behavior.

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6
Q

Norms

A

Accepted social rules or behaviors expected in a group or society.

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7
Q

Stakeholder

A

A person or group with an interest or concern in a particular issue or decision.

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8
Q

Retributive Justice

A

Justice focused on punishment for wrongdoing.

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9
Q

Restorative Justice

A

Justice that aims to repair harm by reconciling victims and offenders.

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10
Q

Legal Justice

A

Fairness in the application of laws and legal processes.

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11
Q

Cosmopolitan Justice

A

A view that justice should apply universally across all human beings

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12
Q

Post-Westphalian

A

Referring to the world order beyond the dominance of nation-states

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13
Q

Ecological Justice

A

Justice concerned with the fair treatment of the environment and all living beings.

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14
Q

Positive Liberty (Isaiah Berlin)

A

The freedom to achieve personal potential through access to opportunities and support.

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15
Q

Negative Liberty (Isaiah Berlin)

A

Freedom from external interference or constraints by others.

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16
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

The idea that everyone should have the same chance to succeed regardless of background.

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17
Q

Equality of Outcome

A

Ensuring everyone has the same result or standard of living

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18
Q

Subject vs. Citizen

A

A subject owes loyalty to a ruler without guaranteed rights

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19
Q

Capital Punishment

A

The legal execution of a person as punishment for a crime.

20
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders back into society.

21
Q

Appeal

A

A request for a higher court to review and change a legal decision.

22
Q

Jurisdiction

A

The legal authority of a court or government to make decisions and enforce laws.

23
Q

Principle of Complementarity

A

The idea that international courts only act when national legal systems are unable or unwilling to prosecute crimes.

24
Q

Provisional Measures

A

Temporary legal actions taken to protect rights before a final court decision is made.

25
Q

Judicial Overreach

A

When courts exceed their authority by interfering excessively in executive or legislative matters.

26
Q

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)

A

Non-governmental groups that work to address social

27
Q

Advocacy

A

Public support or recommendation for a particular cause or policy.

28
Q

Stateless

A

Describing individuals who are not recognized as citizens by any country.

29
Q

Roma People

A

An ethnic minority group traditionally living in Europe

30
Q

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

A

Business practices that promote social and environmental well-being alongside profit-making.

31
Q

Trade Unions

A

Organizations of workers formed to protect and advance their rights and interests.

32
Q

Customary International Law

A

Legal norms that develop over time from consistent international practices

33
Q

Private International Law

A

Rules governing legal disputes between private parties across different countries.

34
Q

Depositary

A

The official entity responsible for managing treaties

35
Q

Ratification

A

The formal approval of a treaty or agreement by a country

36
Q

Hierarchies of Rights

A

The ranking or prioritization of certain rights over others.

37
Q

International Humanitarian Law (IHL)

A

Legal rules that protect individuals during armed conflicts and restrict means of warfare.

38
Q

Universal Jurisdiction

A

The principle that certain crimes

39
Q

Communitarianism

A

A philosophy emphasizing the importance of community values over individual rights.

40
Q

Universalism

A

The belief that certain values or rights apply to all people universally.

41
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The view that beliefs and practices should be understood within their cultural context rather than judged against universal standards.

42
Q

Exceptionalism

A

The belief that a particular country or group is unique or superior to others

43
Q

Politicization

A

The act of making an issue political or influenced by political considerations.

44
Q

Pluralism

A

A system where multiple groups

45
Q

Minority Rights

A

Legal protections for groups that differ from the majority in culture

46
Q

Rights of Nature

A

Legal recognition of nature as having inherent rights to exist

47
Q

Sharia Law

A

A legal system based on Islamic principles and teachings.

Global Politics HL (4 decks)

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