Unit #2 Peace and conflict Flashcards
Proxy War
A conflict where opposing powers use third parties to fight on their behalf rather than engaging directly.
Egalitarianism
A belief in the equality of all people
Holistic Peace Theory
A perspective that considers peace as more than just the absence of war
Unitary Actor
A model in international relations where a state is treated as a single entity with unified goals and interests.
Latent Conflict
A conflict that exists beneath the surface but has not yet manifested openly.
Overt Conflict
A visible and active conflict involving open hostility or confrontation.
Neutralize
To reduce or eliminate the threat or influence of a conflict or opposing force.
Sustainable Peace
Long-lasting peace that addresses the root causes of conflict and promotes justice and equality.
Civil Unrest
Disruptive actions by civilians
Cultural Violence
Harmful practices or norms embedded in culture that justify or legitimize direct or structural violence.
Resistance
Efforts to oppose or challenge authority
Sabotage
The deliberate destruction or disruption of resources or operations to weaken an opponent.
Intra-State Conflict
A conflict that occurs within a single country
Inter-State Conflict
A conflict between two or more sovereign states.
Extra-State Conflict
A conflict involving a state and non-state actors outside its borders
Guerrillas
Irregular fighters who use hit-and-run tactics and operate in small groups.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underemphasize situational factors when judging others’ behavior.
Partisanship
Strong allegiance to a particular political party
Coup d’État
The sudden and illegal overthrow of a government
Propaganda
biased or misleading information spread by governments, organizations, or individuals to influence public opinion, promote a specific political agenda, or shape perceptions.
Psychological Warfare
Tactics used to weaken an opponent’s morale or confidence through fear
Manifesto
A public declaration of intentions
Sanctions
Penalties or restrictions imposed by one country on another to influence behavior or policies.
Loyalty Shift
A change in allegiance by key supporters
Pillars of Support
Key institutions or groups that sustain a regime’s authority
Authoritarianism
A political system where power is concentrated in a single authority
Apartheid
A system of racial segregation and discrimination
Paramilitary
Armed groups that operate alongside or independently of regular military forces
Humanitarianism
Efforts to promote human welfare and reduce suffering
Acculturation
The process by which individuals adopt the culture or practices of a dominant group.
Ethnocultural Groups
Communities defined by shared cultural
Forced Assimilation
The coercive integration of individuals or groups into a dominant culture.
Intersectionality
The recognition that various forms of discrimination (e.g.
Incompatibility of Goals
A fundamental cause of conflict where parties have opposing objectives.
Micro-Aggressions
Subtle
Interpersonal Conflict
Disputes or disagreements between individuals.
Dehumanization
The process of viewing others as less than human
Weak/Fragile State
A government unable to provide basic services or maintain authority over its territory.
Stereotypes
Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people.
Ethnic Violence
Violent conflict based on ethnic differences.
Status Quo
The existing state of affairs
Non-State Conflict
Conflict involving actors other than national governments
Consultation
Seeking advice or opinions from stakeholders in decision-making processes.
Arbitration
The resolution of disputes by an impartial third party who makes a binding decision.
Good Offices
The offering of diplomatic assistance by a neutral party to facilitate negotiation.
Powerless Mediator
A mediator with no authority to impose solutions but who facilitates dialogue between parties.
Criminal Tribunal
A court established to try individuals accused of crimes
Retributive Justice
A system of justice focused on punishment for wrongdoings.
Restorative Justice
A system focused on repairing harm and reconciling parties rather than punishment.
Individual Vengeance
Personal retaliation for perceived wrongs.
Cycle of Violence
A pattern where violence leads to further violence in an escalating spiral.
Rule of Law
The principle that laws apply equally to all people and must be fairly enforced.
Honor Killings
The killing of a family member
Self-Defense
The act of protecting oneself from harm
Just War Theory
The ethical framework used to evaluate whether a war is justifiable.
Jus ad Bellum
The criteria for determining whether entering a war is justified.
Jus in Bello
The principles governing how war should be conducted ethically.
War of Aggression
A war initiated without justification or provocation.
Revolutionary Rights
The rights of people to overthrow oppressive governments.
Liberty
The freedom to act
Claimed Legitimacy
When authority is asserted but may not be widely accepted.
Perceived Legitimacy
When authority is recognized as valid by the public.
Justice
Fair treatment and the impartial application of laws and rules.
Scarcity
A situation where resources are limited
Trigger
An event or action that starts or escalates a conflict or crisis.
Conflict Models
Frameworks used to understand and explain the causes
Normative
Relating to ideas about what should be
Positive Peace
A condition where there is not only an absence of violence but also the presence of justice
Negative Peace
The absence of direct violence or conflict but without addressing the underlying causes of tension.
Structural Violence
Social or economic systems that harm or disadvantage certain groups
Peacekeeping
The use of international forces to maintain peace and prevent conflict between warring parties.
Peacemaking
Efforts to bring conflicting parties to a negotiated agreement to end hostilities.
Peacebuilding
Long-term strategies aimed at addressing the root causes of conflict and rebuilding societies to prevent future violence.
Hegemonic Stability
A theory that suggests peace and stability in the international system are more likely when a single dominant power (hegemon) maintains order and enforces rules.
