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Global Politics HL > Unit #2 Peace and conflict > Flashcards

Unit #2 Peace and conflict Flashcards

1
Q

Proxy War

A

A conflict where opposing powers use third parties to fight on their behalf rather than engaging directly.

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2
Q

Egalitarianism

A

A belief in the equality of all people

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3
Q

Holistic Peace Theory

A

A perspective that considers peace as more than just the absence of war

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4
Q

Unitary Actor

A

A model in international relations where a state is treated as a single entity with unified goals and interests.

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5
Q

Latent Conflict

A

A conflict that exists beneath the surface but has not yet manifested openly.

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6
Q

Overt Conflict

A

A visible and active conflict involving open hostility or confrontation.

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7
Q

Neutralize

A

To reduce or eliminate the threat or influence of a conflict or opposing force.

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8
Q

Sustainable Peace

A

Long-lasting peace that addresses the root causes of conflict and promotes justice and equality.

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9
Q

Civil Unrest

A

Disruptive actions by civilians

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10
Q

Cultural Violence

A

Harmful practices or norms embedded in culture that justify or legitimize direct or structural violence.

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11
Q

Resistance

A

Efforts to oppose or challenge authority

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12
Q

Sabotage

A

The deliberate destruction or disruption of resources or operations to weaken an opponent.

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13
Q

Intra-State Conflict

A

A conflict that occurs within a single country

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14
Q

Inter-State Conflict

A

A conflict between two or more sovereign states.

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15
Q

Extra-State Conflict

A

A conflict involving a state and non-state actors outside its borders

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16
Q

Guerrillas

A

Irregular fighters who use hit-and-run tactics and operate in small groups.

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17
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

The tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underemphasize situational factors when judging others’ behavior.

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18
Q

Partisanship

A

Strong allegiance to a particular political party

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19
Q

Coup d’État

A

The sudden and illegal overthrow of a government

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20
Q

Propaganda

A

biased or misleading information spread by governments, organizations, or individuals to influence public opinion, promote a specific political agenda, or shape perceptions.

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21
Q

Psychological Warfare

A

Tactics used to weaken an opponent’s morale or confidence through fear

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22
Q

Manifesto

A

A public declaration of intentions

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23
Q

Sanctions

A

Penalties or restrictions imposed by one country on another to influence behavior or policies.

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24
Q

Loyalty Shift

A

A change in allegiance by key supporters

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25
Q

Pillars of Support

A

Key institutions or groups that sustain a regime’s authority

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26
Q

Authoritarianism

A

A political system where power is concentrated in a single authority

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27
Q

Apartheid

A

A system of racial segregation and discrimination

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28
Q

Paramilitary

A

Armed groups that operate alongside or independently of regular military forces

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29
Q

Humanitarianism

A

Efforts to promote human welfare and reduce suffering

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30
Q

Acculturation

A

The process by which individuals adopt the culture or practices of a dominant group.

31
Q

Ethnocultural Groups

A

Communities defined by shared cultural

32
Q

Forced Assimilation

A

The coercive integration of individuals or groups into a dominant culture.

33
Q

Intersectionality

A

The recognition that various forms of discrimination (e.g.

34
Q

Incompatibility of Goals

A

A fundamental cause of conflict where parties have opposing objectives.

35
Q

Micro-Aggressions

A

Subtle

36
Q

Interpersonal Conflict

A

Disputes or disagreements between individuals.

37
Q

Dehumanization

A

The process of viewing others as less than human

38
Q

Weak/Fragile State

A

A government unable to provide basic services or maintain authority over its territory.

39
Q

Stereotypes

A

Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people.

40
Q

Ethnic Violence

A

Violent conflict based on ethnic differences.

41
Q

Status Quo

A

The existing state of affairs

42
Q

Non-State Conflict

A

Conflict involving actors other than national governments

43
Q

Consultation

A

Seeking advice or opinions from stakeholders in decision-making processes.

44
Q

Arbitration

A

The resolution of disputes by an impartial third party who makes a binding decision.

45
Q

Good Offices

A

The offering of diplomatic assistance by a neutral party to facilitate negotiation.

46
Q

Powerless Mediator

A

A mediator with no authority to impose solutions but who facilitates dialogue between parties.

47
Q

Criminal Tribunal

A

A court established to try individuals accused of crimes

48
Q

Retributive Justice

A

A system of justice focused on punishment for wrongdoings.

49
Q

Restorative Justice

A

A system focused on repairing harm and reconciling parties rather than punishment.

50
Q

Individual Vengeance

A

Personal retaliation for perceived wrongs.

51
Q

Cycle of Violence

A

A pattern where violence leads to further violence in an escalating spiral.

52
Q

Rule of Law

A

The principle that laws apply equally to all people and must be fairly enforced.

53
Q

Honor Killings

A

The killing of a family member

54
Q

Self-Defense

A

The act of protecting oneself from harm

55
Q

Just War Theory

A

The ethical framework used to evaluate whether a war is justifiable.

56
Q

Jus ad Bellum

A

The criteria for determining whether entering a war is justified.

57
Q

Jus in Bello

A

The principles governing how war should be conducted ethically.

58
Q

War of Aggression

A

A war initiated without justification or provocation.

59
Q

Revolutionary Rights

A

The rights of people to overthrow oppressive governments.

60
Q

Liberty

A

The freedom to act

61
Q

Claimed Legitimacy

A

When authority is asserted but may not be widely accepted.

62
Q

Perceived Legitimacy

A

When authority is recognized as valid by the public.

63
Q

Justice

A

Fair treatment and the impartial application of laws and rules.

64
Q

Scarcity

A

A situation where resources are limited

65
Q

Trigger

A

An event or action that starts or escalates a conflict or crisis.

66
Q

Conflict Models

A

Frameworks used to understand and explain the causes

67
Q

Normative

A

Relating to ideas about what should be

68
Q

Positive Peace

A

A condition where there is not only an absence of violence but also the presence of justice

69
Q

Negative Peace

A

The absence of direct violence or conflict but without addressing the underlying causes of tension.

70
Q

Structural Violence

A

Social or economic systems that harm or disadvantage certain groups

71
Q

Peacekeeping

A

The use of international forces to maintain peace and prevent conflict between warring parties.

72
Q

Peacemaking

A

Efforts to bring conflicting parties to a negotiated agreement to end hostilities.

73
Q

Peacebuilding

A

Long-term strategies aimed at addressing the root causes of conflict and rebuilding societies to prevent future violence.

74
Q

Hegemonic Stability

A

A theory that suggests peace and stability in the international system are more likely when a single dominant power (hegemon) maintains order and enforces rules.

Global Politics HL (4 decks)

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