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Anatomy > Unit 4 review > Flashcards

Unit 4 review Flashcards

digestive, urinary, reproductive

1
Q

male reproductive system in order of sperm.

A
  1. Seminiferous tubule
  2. epididymis
  3. ductus deferens
  4. ejaculatory duct
  5. urethra
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2
Q

The major regions of the kidney are the outer region called the __________ and the inner region called the __________.

A
  1. cortex; medulla
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3
Q

In a nonpregnant female, what is/are the primary source(s) of estrogens and progesterone?

A

ovaries

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4
Q

What are the components of a nephron?

A

a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

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5
Q
  1. What is the correct order of structures the food moves through in the upper digestive tract?
A

mouth, esophagus, stomach

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6
Q
  1. What does the stomach secrete that helps with digestion?
A

hydrochloric acid

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7
Q
  1. What is the product of digestion of proteins?
A

amino acids

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8
Q
  1. Once nutrients are absorbed into the body, what organ stores the nutrients for a later use?
A

liver

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9
Q

The reproductive system produces and transports sex cells, also called ___

A

gametes

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10
Q

The male sex cells are called ____and the female sex cells are called ___

A

sperm; oocytes

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11
Q

Each sex cell carries __ set(s) of genetic instructions and has ___ chromosomes.

A

1; 23

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12
Q

The new cell formed during fertilization contains ____ chromosomes, similar to most cells of the body.

A

46

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13
Q

The glands of the reproductive system also secrete ______, which help regulate reproductive functions.

A

hormones

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14
Q

The urinary system is involved in that regulation of which of the following?

A

electrolyte balance
pH of blood

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15
Q

process occurring at the nephron

A

filtration: renal capsule
reabsorption: renal tubule
recreation: urine

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16
Q

Flow of urine

A

collecting duct
renal papilla
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

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17
Q

What is the process of egg formation called?

A

oogenesis

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18
Q
  1. What stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach? (Check all that apply.)
A

the smell and taste of food
the dissection of the stomach

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19
Q
  1. What stimulates the release of secretin from the duodenum?
A

hydrochloric acid in chyme

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20
Q
  1. What enzyme is produced by the stomach?
A

pepsin

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21
Q

t/f: 4. When chyme enters the duodenum, gastric secretions increase.

A

false

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22
Q

t/f: 5. Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach.

A

true

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23
Q

What are the major function(s) of the digestive system?

A

breakdown and absorption of food

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24
Q

In what segment of the alimentary canal does most absorption occur?

A

small intestine

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25
Q

in order for urination to occur, the _______ Correct must relax, and the ______ Correct must contract.

A

urethral sphincters; detrusor muscle

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26
Q

Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and/or vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will cause a(n) __________ in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

A

decrease

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27
Q

Name the renal process that occurs at the renal corpuscle.

A

filtration

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28
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

store bile in between meals

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28
Q

women reproductive system in order

A

uterine tube
ovary
uterus
urinary bladder
urethra
clitoris (Not apart of it)

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29
Q

women for babies

A

uterus, cervix, vagina

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30
Q

male produces sperm

A

testes

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31
Q

ducts to transport sperm

A

epididymis
ductus defers
ejaculatory duct
urethra

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32
Q

produces semen

A

seminal vesicles
prostate glands
bulbourethral glands

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33
Q

deposits sperm

A

penis

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34
Q

During spermatogenesis, what is the end result of meiosis?

A

4 sperm cells with 23 chromosomes each

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35
Q

Source: Salivary glands

Action: begins carbohydrates digestions by breaking down starch into disaccharides.

A

salivary amylase

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36
Q

Source: Stomach
action: Begins protein digestion

A

pepsin

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37
Q

source: liver
action: emulsifies (breaks up) fats.

A

bile

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38
Q

source: pacrease
action: break down proteins into peptides

A

trypsin

39
Q

Source: Pancreas
Action: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

A

pancreatic lipase

40
Q

Source: Pancreas
action: Breaks down starch into discahrrides

A

Pancreatic Amylase

41
Q

Source; small intestines
action: Breaks disaccharides into monosaccharides

A

Sucrease, Maltase, and Lactase

42
Q
A
43
Q

digestive tract layers 1
outer covering (secretes serous fluid)

A

serosa:

44
Q

digestive tract layers 2

middle layer, movement, smooth muscle

A

muscular layer

45
Q

digestive layer 3

nerves, and blood vessels (transport nutrients)

A

submucosa

46
Q

digestive layer 4

innermost layer, protection, secretion, and absorption

A

mucosa

47
Q

function of mouth

A

mechanical digestion and ingestion
cheecks: help push food in b/w teeth
lips- temp of food
palate- roof

48
Q

Teeth and crown

A

mastication baby 23. adult 32

crown: above the gums and contain enamel

49
Q

parasympathetic stimulation

A

triggers the production of a large amount of saliva at the sight or smell of food

50
Q

endocrine gland but also has exocrine function b/c it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum

A

pancreas

51
Q

opens into the duodenum

A

pancreatic duct

52
Q

what is the largest inner organ

A

liver

53
Q
A
54
Q

digestive organ: completes the digestion of chyme, absorbs nutrients, transports wastes to large intestine

A

small intestine

55
Q

digestion: contains water, mucus, enzymes is what

A

intestinal juice

56
Q
A
56
Q

Which of the following structures prevents stomach acid from backwashing into the esophagus?

A

cardiac/ GE valve

57
Q

the function of the urinary system

A

filter our blood and removal of waste through urine

58
Q

structure of the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters urinary bladder, urethra

59
Q

structure of kindey (basic)

A

capsule: outer layer
inside: cortex
triangle: pyramids
inner area: medulla

60
Q

kidney: funnel shaped sac that collects urine

A

renal pelvis

61
Q

kidney: site where blood vessels, lympatheic nerves and ureters exit or enter the kidney

A

hlium

62
Q

kidney: outer most layer containing nephrons

A

renal cortex

63
Q

kidney: collect filtrate from several nephrons

A

collecting ducts

64
Q

kidney: Nephrons contain what 2 things

A

renal capsule: filtration occurs
renal tubule: transports filtrate

65
Q

nephron: transports filtrate to collect duct; reabsorption & secretion occur throughout

A

renal tubule

66
Q

kidney function: stimulate RBC formation when oxygen levels FALL below NORMAL

A

secretion of erythropoietin

67
Q

kidney function: increases blood pressure through renin-angiotensin mechanism

A

secretion of rennin

68
Q

urinary excretion equation:

A

glomerular filtration + tubular secretion = tubular reasbsorption

69
Q

MAIN FORCE OF FILTRATION
pressure exerted by fluids of the blood inside the capillaries (blood pressure)

A

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

70
Q

BP in glomerular capillaries - pressure in the glomerular capsule + COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE in glomerular capillaries …
IS WHAT KIND OF PRESSURE

A

NET FILTRATION PRESSURE

71
Q

produce 180 a day
excrete .6-2.5 L a day

A

urinary: glomeruli

72
Q

renal tubule FUNCTION

A

reasbsorption of all nutrients even including glucose and amino acids

73
Q

urinary: what is trigger by bladder stretching

A

micturition reflex

73
Q

bladder can hold….

A

1,000 ml of urine

74
Q

the process of filtration is driven by

A

blood pressure

75
Q

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases, ____________.

A

less URINE is produced

76
Q

Reproductive: sperm fertilizes an egg is CALLED

A

zygote

77
Q

reproductive: sperm & egg cells are produced by a special type of cell division CALLED

A

meiosis

78
Q
A
79
Q

Meiosis 1 and Meosis 2

A

M1: homologous chromosomes separate

M2: sister chromatids separate

male; 4 sperm cells
female; 1 egg, 3 polar bodies

80
Q

d

A
81
Q

reproductive: diploid is what

A

fertilization of an egg ; 46 chromosomes

82
Q

meiosis: spermatogonia process

A

primary spermatocyte
meiosis I
2. secondary spermatocyte
meiosis II
4 spermatids
maturation

83
Q
A
83
Q

reproductive : the move ent of semen into the urethra is CALLED

A

emission

84
Q

The penis contains _______ columns of erectile tissue that become functional when blood vessels ________.

A

3; dilate

85
Q

reproductive: female organs

A

labs majora and minora
clitoris and vestibule

86
Q

reproductive: female breasts; modified sweat glands that produce milk

A

mammary glands

86
Q

formation of egg cells
OOGENESIS PRCOESS

A

1 oogonia
growth and repliation
1. primary oocyte
meosis 1
secondary oocyte and polar body
only if fertilized-meiosis 2
zygote and second polar body

87
Q

reproductive women: The endometrium is the inner layer of the ______________.

A

uterus

87
Q

In the female reproductive system, a(n) ________ is formed to discard the extra chromosomes during meiosis.

A

polar body

88
Q

women infertility what percent is due to anatomical abnormalities

A

37%

89
Q

male infertility

A

40-45% unexplained

Anatomy (19 decks)

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