lab 8 cardio physiology LO's

Question 1

Cardiac Cycle process:

Answer 1

one complete round of a HEARTBEAT

both atria contract (systole) while both ventricles relax (diastole)

both ventricles contract while both atria relax

both atria & both ventricles relax briefly

pressure in the chambers rises & falls as they fill w/ blood → opens & closes valves

Question 2

ATRIA CONTRACT IS WHAT PRESSURE

Answer 2

SYSTOLE PRESSURE

Question 3

VENTRICLES RELAX IS WHAT PRESSURE

Answer 3

DIASTOLE PRESSURE

Question 4

HEART SOUNDS 1, 2, 3,

Answer 4

1, LUPP
2. DUPP
3. MURMUR

Question 5

LUBB- 1ST HEAR SOUND, WHAT HAPPENS

Answer 5

A-V values CLOSE as ventricular pressure rises

Question 6

dupp- 2nd heart sounD WHAT HAPPENS

Answer 6

semilunar valves close as blood flows back towards ventricles due to ventricular pressure decreasing

Question 7

MURMUR; 3RD BEAT, WHAT HAPPENS

Answer 7

sound heard when Mitral/bicuspid valve doesn’t close completely and blood backwashes into left atrium

Question 8

components of the cardiac conduction system and its path

Answer 8

SA node, av, node, bundle of HIS (interventricular septum, purkinje fibers

Question 9

Define heart conduction system

Answer 9

consists of specialized muscle tissue that acts as neural tissue

Spontaneously forms impulses

Impulses cause myocardium to contract

Question 10

Typical ECG function and wave pattern.

Answer 10

function; recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium
used to assess heart’s ability to conduct impulses

waves correspond to electrical changes in the myocardium

P WAVE, QRS COMPLEX, T WAVE

Question 11

ECG P- WAVE, WHAT HAPPENS

Answer 11

ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION

Question 12

EGCG QRS COMPLEX, WHAT HAPPENS

Answer 12

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

Question 13

ECG: T WAVE WHAT HAPPENS

Answer 13

ventricular repolarization

Question 14

WHAT REGUALTES THE HEART BEAT AND WHERE IS IT LOCATED

Answer 14

SA NODE
That is in the superior vena cava and right atria. This is what regulates the heartbeat.

Question 15

DEFINE DEPOLARIZATION AND REPOLARIZATION

Answer 15

Depolarization- loss of an electrical charge

Repolarization – return to resting potential

Question 16

Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of vessels (pressure waves that travel through the blood – pulse)

Answer 16

BLOOD PRESSURE

Question 17

Created by contraction of ventricles and measured in brachial atery and reported as systolic/dialstolic

Answer 17

BLOOD PRESSURE

Question 18

Pressure when the heart beats

Answer 18

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

Question 19

The pressure that is in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.

Answer 19

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

Question 20

Describe how blood pressure and heart rate change when changing body positions and with exercise.

Answer 20

muscles are active = need more blood flow RBC
compensates:
- Increasing respiratory rate and depth
- vasodilation
-Decrease resistance in active tissues, increase Sympathetic activity (increase HR and SV = Increase CO)

Question 21

Explain how the baroreceptor reflex restores the blood pressure to homeostatic levels.

Answer 21

sends impulses to the cardiac control center in the medulla oblongata that regulates the impulses to the heart also homeostasis
Parasympathetic impulses: decrease heart action
Sympathetic impulses increase heart action.

Question 22

what is Parasympathetic impulses:

Answer 22

decrease in heart action

Question 23

what is Sympathetic impulses

Answer 23

increase heart action.

Question 24

where are the barereptors stimulate from

Answer 24

medulla obligate

Question 25

the blood pressure in the systemic arteries is GREATEST during ___

Answer 25

ventricular systole

Question 26

structure of vessels

Answer 26

Outer most: Tunica externia
middle: Tunica media
inner: Tunica interna

Question 27

define and function of the tunica external

Answer 27

fibrous connective tissue
provide support and elasticity

Question 28

define and function of tunica media

Answer 28

smooth muscle fibers
cause changes in the blood vessel diameter (vasomotor)

Question 29

define and function of tunica interna

Answer 29

endothelium lining inside blood vessel

Question 30

arteries vs veins

Answer 30

arteries have a thicker wall, tunica media

Question 31

define arteries

Answer 31

carry blood AWAY from the heart
control blood flow and form arterioles

Question 32

define capillaries

Answer 32

most numerous and smallest vessels
walls of endothelium thin enough to allow change of material between blood and cells

Question 33

exchange of materials

Answer 33

Materials pass through interstitial fluid (tissue) as they move between blood and cells

Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from blood into interstitial fluid and into cells

Carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse from cells into interstitial fluid and into blood

Water is also exchanged by osmosis

Question 34

define veins and function

Answer 34

carry blood towards the heart

Blood flows from capillaries into venules

Question 35

drives the passage of fluids and very small molecules out of the capillary at the arteriole end

Answer 35

hydrostatic pressure

Question 37

define valves

Answer 37

exist in large veins to prevent blood backflow and aid in venous blood return

Question 38

what is cardiac output

Answer 38

Volume of blood pumped by heart in one minute CO= HR X SV

Question 39

how is cardiac output determined

Answer 39

by heart rate and stroke volume

Question 40

Resistance to blood flow

Answer 40

blood viscosity

Question 41

what is : Friction of blood against blood vessel walls

Constriction of arterioles increases both resistance and blood pressure

Dilation of arterioles decreases both resistance and blood pressure

Answer 41

Peripheral resistance