Unit 4: Review Flashcards
It is very common for preschoolers to struggle with their ability to act independently. What term describes their desire to act more independently?
Autonomy
Erik Erikson was an important psychologist, best known for his theory about the stages of _______ development
psychosocial
If someone is loyal to themselves, their beliefs, and to others, you might say that they have:
fidelity
What age group exhibits the following characteristics of psychosocial development?
-Responses are reflexes
-Completely self-centered
-Notices changes
-Remembers responses and their results
Birth-One year
What term refers to the interrelationship of social and individual behavior and thought?
Psychosocial
From the time an infant is born up to four weeks of age, they are referred to as a(n):
neonate
As we age, our bodies ____,and we need more healthcare
morph
As toddlers learn how to do new things, it is important that caregivers are not overly critical of them. It’s important that toddlers do not develop self-doubt and that they continue to develop virtue of ______ that is inherent of this age.
will
When all the other needs a person has are met, that person is often motivated to fulfill their potential and use their talents and abilities in life, which is called:
self-actualization
If you break down the word psychosocial, what does the ‘social’ portion of the word mean?
pertaining to the influence of social factors on an individual’s mind or behavior, and to the interrelation of behavioral and social factors
Once a person has all of the necessary physiological needs, they may feel motivated to look for the next level of needs, which are:
safety and security
The transition from living with ones’ parents to independence can cause young adults to neglect____ needs that are often part of the phase of learning to access the appropriate care without prompting from parents
their health
Right after birth, it is common for neonates to lose up to 10 percent of their body weight. This is because:
babies are born with extra fluid in their systems
What title and age does the following description refer to, according to Erikson?
“To successfully establish deep and honest friendships and romance, completing the previous stage is necessary or an individual may struggle to form intimate connections. But once this conflict has been worked through, the virtue of love can be attained.”
Intimacy vs. Isolation: 18-40 years old
The preschool age period sees the rise of importance of people of the same age, rank, or level to the preschooler and this age group learns a lot about the world through their curiosity and interaction with others like them. What term refers to these individuals of the same age, rank or level?
peers
Maria’s daughter is exhibiting the following developmental characteristics and steps:
-Quick changes of mood
-Walking and talking begin and/or improve
-Sense of independence develops
-Experiences separation anxiety when away from family
What age group is Maria’s daughter MOST likely part of based on these developmental steps?
Toddler 1 to 2 years
What stage in life is defined by the following physical changes:
-Growth is uneven, causing clumsiness
-Rapid growth slows
-Changes of puberty occur
-Wisdom teeth grow in
Adolescent 13-18 years
The emotional landscape of the teen years can be very rocky for many individuals, which means that teenagers often have the need for:
mental health interventions
As children move through the stages of life, from being a toddler to preschool age to school age, they are constantly struggling for more and more independence, or the ability to make decisions for themselves. What is this independence called?
identity crisis
The years of highest earnings, most influence, and the ability to find wisdom and comfort in living a good life belong to what age groups?
Middle Age and Aging Gracefully
What term refers to the chemical processes that occur in living things?
metabolism
The coordination between the ____ system and the muscles and bones improves to the point where toddlers walk, run, and control their bodily functions.
nervous
What age group is characterized by developing a sense of accomplishment and testing out values and beliefs?
School Age: 6 to 12 years old
What do we call the psychological theory of how people are motivated to meet their most basic physical needs before seeking to meet their emotional needs that can apply to any stage of development?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
What term refers to the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently?
coordination
When babies are cold or hungry, how do they typically communicate this?
Crying
What term refers to basic survival needs like air, food, water, shelter, clothing, and sleep?
Physiological needs
What was Erik Erikson’s idea behind his theory on the stages of psychosocial development?
Each stage the needs of the individual were in conflict with the needs of society.
What term describes a good quality or behavior demonstrating high moral character?
virtue
Social and emotional health depends to a large extent on our ability to ______ with people around us.
communicate
Sucking a breast or bottle for feeding and grasping an adult finger with their hands are examples of ______ that a neonate is born with.
reflexes
What age group typically needs less direct care but more support as they explore their independence and stimulating activities and exposure to develop their coordination and their language skills?
Preschoolers
What age group is more delicate and susceptible to diseases than others and has important developmental milestones that need to be checked to intervene early if problems are occurring?
infants
What are some common characteristics of psychosocial development in toddlers, ages one to two years?
Jealous when not the center of attention, Attached to mother, Independence: resistance and struggles to form sense of autonomy, Easily affected by changing emotions; may have tantrums
According to Erikson, what stage in life has the possible virtue of gaining fidelity—loyalty to oneself, one’s beliefs, and to others?
Adolescence
Older adults can look back on their accomplishments in life and feel a sense of fulfillment and contentedness, knowing they have lived a life of integrity. This is balanced with some feelings of despair caused by failures, but the ability to accept that one’s life was purposeful if not perfect allows the development of what virtue?
Wisdom
School-age children are starting to look more like small adults as their _____ change(s).
proportions
In addition to the needs being met for each stage of life, we can identify six dimensions that contribute to wellbeing and health. What are these six dimensions?
physical, social, intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and occupational wellness
Decline in physical strength, lower endurance, and health condition declines are all common physical growth characteristics of what age group?
Older Adulthood: over 65 years old
Once a person has all of their necessary physiological needs and has met all of their safety and security needs, what needs will they likely seek to fulfill next?
love and belonging, including friendship, intimacy, trust, acceptance, and belonging to a group or family
What concept has to do with the state of being happy, healthy and able to reach one’s potential and is essential when talking about health?
Well being
What are some common reasons that people who are middle aged or older adults might experience grief and loneliness?
As people age, they may see friends, family members, and spouses die
For school-aged children, an inability to succeed at skills that are valued by peers can result in feelings of:
inferiority
Erikson’s psychological theory can be a useful tool when thinking about how people ___ in life.
develop
Without ___ health, all the other aspects of wellbeing can deteriorate as well.
physical
Why do pregnant women tend to need extra medical checkups?
to make sure the fetus is developing well and that the mother-to-be is as healthy as she can be
T/F- Communication develops along with other parts of the person, and human interaction is an integral part of health and wellbeing.
True
T/F- Healthcare needs vary throughout the lifespan for each individual, but on the whole, toddlers and teenagers require more intensive care to remain well physically than any other age group.
False
T/F- Young children are fast-developing sponges that easily absorb cues from their environments.
True
T/F- Infants will need to be brought in to see the doctor for regular checkups much less often than healthy adults.
True
T/F- Healthcare incorporates the physical, mental, emotional, and developmental aspects of wellness, and needs will change throughout a person’s lifetime.
True
T/F- Looking at developmental stages, physical growth periods, and psychosocial phases will give us a very good picture of the changes happening at each different age in life.
True
T/F-Infancy is a time when parents or caregivers have very little influence on the mental and physical development of a child.
False
T/F- Toddlers need less care than infants, but they need rules, guidance, and a safe home to help them explore in the ways that will benefit their development.
True
T/F-Infants need less direct care than preschoolers, but they need support as they explore their independence, and they need stimulating activities and exposure to develop their coordination, their language skills, and so forth.
False
T/F-People of all ages have needs for good nutrition, social interaction, safety from wars or dangers, and, also, healthcare to help them through any illnesses or difficulties with their development.
True
T/F-Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development suggests that if a person has not completely worked through the conflict in one stage of development, they will be unable to work it out later in life.
False
T/F-Self-knowledge will not help you understand others.
False
T/F-As people age, they may see friends, family members, and spouses die and experience grief and loneliness.
True
T/F-Each stage of a child’s life contains vast changes.
True
T/F-When we talk about healthcare, it only the care of the body, it does not include the psychological wellbeing of a person.
True
T/F-Young adulthood is a relatively healthy period for most, though adults still need to come in for yearly checkups.
True
T/F-The healthy development of an individual continues even if all the needs are not met at each stage.
True
T/F-Children have needs for immunizations and annual checkups once they have passed their infancy.
True
T/F-Erik Erikson’s theory is the only theory that exists about how people develop socially and psychologically.
True
T/F-Adolescents need constant care, food, warmth, and attention.
False
