Unit 3: Review Flashcards
What term describes the study of the chemistry and physics of the structure of the body and how these processes work together to form a living organism?
Anatomy and physiology
Ninety-nine percent of the human body is composed of these six types of ______ :
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
atoms
The structures of your body form a system that ranks items according to specific criteria that can be thought of like a ladder. What term BEST describes this system or ladder?
hierarchy
When thinking of the hierarchy of the structures of the body as a ladder, we know that the bottom rung is made up of atoms. The next step up the ladder is where many molecules group together to make the smallest unit of living matter called a cell. What is this level called?
cellular level
A cell is considered both a structure and a functional unit which means that the parts work together in what two ways?
Chemically and Physically
When examining an animal cell, what part controls the activity of the cell and can be thought of as the cell “brain”?
nucleus
What specific type of tissue acts as a pathway to allow communication between different regions of the body?
nervous tissue
Atoms that are chemically bound together are called:
molecules
On the hierarchy ladder of body systems, after the tissue rung the next rung is composed of structures made up of two or more types of tissue that perform a specific function of the body, like the heart, lungs, liver, brain, bladder, stomach, kidneys, and so on. What term BEST describes this rung on the ladder?
organs
The digestive system includes a group of organs working together to digest the food you eat and provide energy and nutrients to your body. What are several organs that are part of the digestive system and its processes?
Organ systems
What term refers to the top rung of the structural ladder?
Organism
What kind of tissue can be described as a membrane or skin that covers the outside of the body and the surfaces of organs within the body?
epithelial tissue
What do we call the smallest unit of living matter?
cells
What is one very helpful way that cells keep the right balance of molecules in order to function well and maintain homeostasis
the cell membrane selectively letting in or blocking substances from entering the cell
Physiology examines how the parts of the body work together to form a healthy, living, whole:
organism
What term refers to pathways that communicate the status and send signals to change the status if it is out of balance?
feedback loops
What term refers to the tendency towards a reasonably stable inner environment in a living organism?
Homeostasis
What three parts of the feedback loop are constantly working to keep the balance of all the different processes in your body?
Sensor, Control Center, Effector
Something that monitors a particular process to detect change such as nerve cells on the skin that feel temperature or chemical receptors that detect the amount of sugar in your blood can be referred to as:
sensor
What is the scientific word for how the body keeps checks on the temperature, done primarily through the skin, with sweating to release heat, widening or narrowing the blood vessels near the surface, or by insulating with the fat under the skin?
Thermoregulation
After sensors in the body detect a change, where do they send the signal so that the information can be compared to the normal range and change can be activated, if necessary?
control center
Ribosomes are structures that make:
protein
What process involves the movement of water through a membrane to make the concentration of water and minerals equal on both sides of the membrane?
Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation in the body involves expelling water, salts, and other minerals from the body to keep the concentrations in the body at the right measurements and is mostly done by what two organs?
kidneys and bladder
What force from outside the body influences movement by pulling everything and everybody down towards the center of the earth?
gravity
Start with a straight arm and bend it at the elbow so that your hand touches your shoulder, then, straighten your arm again. What three internal forces make this movement possible?
muscles,bones, and ligaments
What term refers to the study of the function and structure of movement of the body, specifically how the laws of mechanics apply?
Biomechanics
The words: flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, and adduction describe:
types of movements
What medical term can be used to describe the nose as being positioned higher on the body?
superior
What term refers to a part that can be added to the end of a word and often indicates a procedure, condition, or disease?
-osis
What term refers to the study of body movement including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement?
-logy
How can you correctly break down the word ‘cardiomyopathy’ into parts that will help you determine the meaning of the word?
Heart-muscle-disease
What does the root word ‘Encephal/o’ mean?
Brain
In an animal cell, what term refers to a semifluid material inside the cell, surrounding all the other parts of the cell?
cytoplasm
Dr. Miller just finished seeing a patient and has taken a few notes using acronyms and left them for the nurse. Read the following notes and decide how to properly decipher them: (write out all the abbreviations and symbols)
The patient is A&O, waiting on CBC, not taking any OTC meds, Sm. ↓ pain in lower back
Alert and oriented, complete blood count, over the counter, small decreasing
What is the purpose behind learning all of the various medical terminology?
Be able to communicate with other health professionals
Medical _____ are crucial written documentation of the patient’s condition, complaint, and the observations of the medical professional.
Records
What kind of tissue responds to stimulation and can contract?
muscle tissue
What term refers to the digital version of a patient chart, including all necessary information?
Electronic Medical Records (EMR)
In addition to abbreviations, there are some symbols that are commonly used, like a “+” sign or a “-” sign, to note that something is:
(+)-Present
(-)-Absence of condition
When talking about the human body, it is almost impossible to describe the structure without talking about the functions and vice versa, which demonstrates how anatomy and physiology are so dependent on each other. (T/F)
True
As one of the main parts of an animal cell, lysosomes produce energy for the cell processes. (T/F)
False
Endoplasmic reticulum makes fats, hormones, and some carbohydrates (T/F)
True
Force causes movement (T/F)
True
The body is a solid, hard object—it does not have flexibility or elasticity. (T/F)
False
The entire body as a unified organism is composed of all these structural levels, with tiny atoms forming molecules, molecules working together to make cells, cells functioning together in tissues, tissues cooperating to form organs, and organs working together in systems to do the jobs within the body (T/F)
True
There are more than 200 muscles and 600 bones in the body and each bone and muscle has a medical name (T/F)
false
Muscle tissue binds together, supports, and protects the parts of the body (T/F)
False
In an animal cell, lysosomes digest molecules (T/F)
True
Many of the terms used by the medical profession come from Greek and Latin (T/F)
True
Increasing your breathing rate decreases the amount of carbon dioxide that is released out of your lungs (T/F)
False
Atmospheric pressure is always pressing on your body, keeping the gases and liquids in your body at appropriate levels (T/F)
True
Maintaining the chemical, fluid and temperature balances of the body is unimportant when it comes to remaining healthy. (T/F)
False
The acronym for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is COPD (T/F)
True
Transdermitis means a skin condition that is transitional. (T/F)
False
Knowledge of safe body movements and practices is essential to those entering a career in the health sciences. (T/F)
True
Atoms are the largest unit of matter (T/F)
False
People do sometimes die because of medical errors, and medical records are one of the most important ways to help the team avoid mistakes. (T/F)
True
If everyone, from the nurse assistant to the surgeon, uses the same words for body parts and processes then it is difficult to achieve standardized communication. (T/F)
True
A sensor can be nerve cells on the skin that feel temperature or a chemical receptor that detects the amount of blood sugar in your blood. (T/F)
True
The_____part of your arm would be your fingers.
Distal
What term refers to abbreviations made by using the first letter of each word in a phrase, such as COPD which stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Acronyms
What medical term describes the position on a limb that is closer to where the limb attaches to the body?
Proximal
_____is good for health, increasing blood circulation, stimulating digestion, and helping toxins to move out of your body.
Endocrine
What do we need to be able to know in order to describe a movement?
What part is move is moving, the plane, type, and of the movement
In body movement, force can be a push, which creates_____, or a pull, which creates_____.
compression, tension
What is the primary way that keeping the blood sugar in balance is achieved?
through hormones that are released from the pancreas
The body processes are all geared towards keeping the body at a healthy:
equilibrium
