Unit 4 Quiz #1 Flashcards
The inside of the cell
cytoplasm
Liquid part of the cell that mainly consists of water
cytosol
Gives structure and support to the cell
cytoskeleton
Responsible for generating energy for the cell
mitochondria
Central office of the cell & stores the cell’s DNA
nucleus
Is located inside the nucleus. When the cell divides, this substance will condense into chromosomes.
chromatin
The instructions to build proteins are on this
DNA
Cellular gasoline. The energy that cells use.
ATP
These are the assembly line workers in the cell. Their jobs are to build proteins.
Ribosomes
This term means “building proteins.” It’s what ribosomes do.
protein synthesis
This is a small region inside the nucleus that is responsible for making ribosomes.
nucleolus
This organelle is responsible for transporting materials around the cell. It’s also responsible for building phospholipid molecules.
endoplasmic reticulum
The packaging center of the cell.
golgi body
This is the repairman of the cell. It takes care of fixing damaged cell parts. It also will destroy the cell if it is beyond repair.
lysosomes
When cells are damage beyond repair, lysosomes will destroy the cell. This is a process known as
apoptosis
The storeroom of a cell. They are much larger in plant cells than animal cells.
Vacuoles
This is the general name for cell parts that do specific jobs within the cell.
organelle
The product of the cell factory. This is what all cells make.
protein
In order to build proteins, cells need these basic building blocks.
amino acids
The door to the cell.
cell membrane
Another name for the cell membrane is the ___
bilayer.
phospholipid
This term refers to the ability of the cell to allow some things in while not allowing other things to enter or leave.
semi-permeable
This term describes the head of a phospholipid molecule. They LOVE water.
hydrophilic (head)
This term describes the tails of phospholipid molecules. They HATE water.
hydrophobic (tail)
These cell membrane proteins are responsible for cell to cell communication.
receptor proteins
_____ are chemical signals that are sent from one cell to another.
Hormones
These cell membrane proteins are responsible for giving the cell an identity. This is very important so that our immune systems can distinguish our own cells from bacteria and viruses.
Marker proteins
These cell membrane proteins are responsible for allowing materials to enter and leave the cell.
Channel proteins
Whats the cell theory?
1) cells are the smallest working unit of living things
2) all living things are made of cells
3) all cells come from pre-existing cells
What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
1) Eukaryotic cells are much longer.
2) Most prokaryotic cells are independent while eukaryotic cells are dependent on other cells.
3)Eukaryotic cells mainly perform special tasks while prokaryotic cells are highly specialized to perform many tasks.
4) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.
Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.
1) Plant cells have a cell wall and membrane but animal cells only have a cell membrane.
2) Plant cells have large vacuoles but animal cells have smaller or no vacuoles.
3) Plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells have no chloroplasts.
_______ are the organelle inside of a plant cell that is responsible for photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
Inside of chloroplasts are disc shaped structures called
thylakoids
A stack of thylakoids is called
granum
Inside of each thylakoid is a green chemical called ___
which is responsible for capturing sunlight.
chlorophyll
The fluid filled filled region of the chloroplast is called the ____
stroma
Where does the light reaction take place inside the chloroplast?
inside the thylakoids
During the light reaction, what must a cell capture from its environment in order for the reaction to take place?
sunlight and water
During the light reaction, what gas is produced and released into the environment?
oxygen gas
Summarize the light reaction
Takes place in the thylakoids, requires water & sunlight, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and then the water molecules are broken down to produce oxygen gas and is released into the environment, and so is ATP
Where does the dark reaction take place in the chloroplasts?
in the stroma
What is needed by the cell in order for the dark reaction to take place?
carbon dioxide and ATP
Why must the light reaction take place before the dark reaction?
Because ATP is produced by the light reaction and used during the dark reaction.
What sugar is produced during the dark reaction?
glucose
Summarize the dark reaction.
Takes place in the stroma, no sunlight is needed, CO2 & ATP are needed, the ATP is used to build glucose & these simple sugars are the food for the plant and can be used to make large sugar molecules
.
The following choices are parts to the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Which of the following choices displays the correct equation for photosynthesis. _______ + ________ →________ + _______
Sunlight + CO2 + H2O→C6H12O6+ O2
The following choices are parts to the chemical equation for respiration. Which of the following choices displays the correct equation for respiration. _______ + _________ → _______ + _______
C6H12O6 + O2→CO2 + H2O + ATP
list four things that can easily pass through cell membranes.
02,CO2,H20, and amino acids.
define the term “osmosis.”
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that only involves water moving across the membrane.
Osmosis is a type of “passive” transport. What does this mean?
It doesn’t require energy(ATP).
Describe a hypotonic environment
there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell
Describe a hypertonic environment
there is a lower concentration of water outside the cell
Describe an isotonic environment
there is the same concentration of water outside the cell as there is on the inside (equilibrium)
the pressure that builds up inside a cell due to a hypotonic environment
osmotic pressure
______ helps to withstand high osmotic pressures in plant cells
cell walls
occurs when plant cells lose water
plasmolysis
This term describes any type of transport that requires energy to be used by the cell.
active transport
This term describes any type of transport that does not require energy to be used by the cell.
passive transport
The movement of particles (generic) from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
diffusion
The movement of water (specific) from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
osmosis
The movement of particles across a membrane through channel proteins.
facilitated diffusion
is a type of active transport in which cells take in large amounts of material.
endocytosis
is a type of active transport when cells expel a large amount of waste materials into the environment.
exocytosis
