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Biology > Unit 4 Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

The inside of the cell

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

Liquid part of the cell that mainly consists of water

A

cytosol

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3
Q

Gives structure and support to the cell

A

cytoskeleton

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4
Q

Responsible for generating energy for the cell

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

Central office of the cell & stores the cell’s DNA

A

nucleus

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6
Q

Is located inside the nucleus. When the cell divides, this substance will condense into chromosomes.

A

chromatin

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7
Q

The instructions to build proteins are on this

A

DNA

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8
Q

Cellular gasoline. The energy that cells use.

A

ATP

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9
Q

These are the assembly line workers in the cell. Their jobs are to build proteins.

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

This term means “building proteins.” It’s what ribosomes do.

A

protein synthesis

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11
Q

This is a small region inside the nucleus that is responsible for making ribosomes.

A

nucleolus

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12
Q

This organelle is responsible for transporting materials around the cell. It’s also responsible for building phospholipid molecules.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

The packaging center of the cell.

A

golgi body

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14
Q

This is the repairman of the cell. It takes care of fixing damaged cell parts. It also will destroy the cell if it is beyond repair.

A

lysosomes

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15
Q

When cells are damage beyond repair, lysosomes will destroy the cell. This is a process known as

A

apoptosis

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16
Q

The storeroom of a cell. They are much larger in plant cells than animal cells.

A

Vacuoles

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17
Q

This is the general name for cell parts that do specific jobs within the cell.

A

organelle

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18
Q

The product of the cell factory. This is what all cells make.

A

protein

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19
Q

In order to build proteins, cells need these basic building blocks.

A

amino acids

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20
Q

The door to the cell.

A

cell membrane

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21
Q

Another name for the cell membrane is the ___
bilayer.

A

phospholipid

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22
Q

This term refers to the ability of the cell to allow some things in while not allowing other things to enter or leave.

A

semi-permeable

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23
Q

This term describes the head of a phospholipid molecule. They LOVE water.

A

hydrophilic (head)

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24
Q

This term describes the tails of phospholipid molecules. They HATE water.

A

hydrophobic (tail)

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25
Q

These cell membrane proteins are responsible for cell to cell communication.

A

receptor proteins

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26
Q

_____ are chemical signals that are sent from one cell to another.

A

Hormones

27
Q

These cell membrane proteins are responsible for giving the cell an identity. This is very important so that our immune systems can distinguish our own cells from bacteria and viruses.

A

Marker proteins

28
Q

These cell membrane proteins are responsible for allowing materials to enter and leave the cell.

A

Channel proteins

29
Q

Whats the cell theory?

A

1) cells are the smallest working unit of living things
2) all living things are made of cells
3) all cells come from pre-existing cells

30
Q

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

1) Eukaryotic cells are much longer.
2) Most prokaryotic cells are independent while eukaryotic cells are dependent on other cells.
3)Eukaryotic cells mainly perform special tasks while prokaryotic cells are highly specialized to perform many tasks.
4) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

31
Q

Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.

A

1) Plant cells have a cell wall and membrane but animal cells only have a cell membrane.
2) Plant cells have large vacuoles but animal cells have smaller or no vacuoles.
3) Plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells have no chloroplasts.

32
Q

_______ are the organelle inside of a plant cell that is responsible for photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplasts

33
Q

Inside of chloroplasts are disc shaped structures called

A

thylakoids

34
Q

A stack of thylakoids is called

A

granum

35
Q

Inside of each thylakoid is a green chemical called ___
which is responsible for capturing sunlight.

A

chlorophyll

36
Q

The fluid filled filled region of the chloroplast is called the ____

A

stroma

37
Q

Where does the light reaction take place inside the chloroplast?

A

inside the thylakoids

38
Q

During the light reaction, what must a cell capture from its environment in order for the reaction to take place?

A

sunlight and water

39
Q

During the light reaction, what gas is produced and released into the environment?

A

oxygen gas

40
Q

Summarize the light reaction

A

Takes place in the thylakoids, requires water & sunlight, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and then the water molecules are broken down to produce oxygen gas and is released into the environment, and so is ATP

41
Q

Where does the dark reaction take place in the chloroplasts?

A

in the stroma

42
Q

​What is needed by the cell in order for the dark reaction to take place?

A

carbon dioxide and ATP

43
Q

​Why must the light reaction take place before the dark reaction?

A

Because ATP is produced by the light reaction and used during the dark reaction.

44
Q

​What sugar is ​produced ​during the dark reaction?

A

glucose

45
Q

Summarize the dark reaction.

A

Takes place in the stroma, no sunlight is needed, CO2 & ATP are needed, the ATP is used to build glucose & these simple sugars are the food for the plant and can be used to make large sugar molecules

46
Q

.
The following choices are parts to the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Which of the following choices displays the correct equation for photosynthesis. _______ + ________ →________ + _______

A

Sunlight + CO2 + H2O→C6H12O6+ O2

47
Q

The following choices are parts to the chemical equation for respiration. Which of the following choices displays the correct equation for respiration. _______ + _________ → _______ + _______

A

C6H12O6 + O2→CO2 + H2O + ATP

48
Q

list four things that can easily pass through cell membranes.

A

02,CO2,H20, and amino acids.

49
Q

define the term “osmosis.”

A

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that only involves water moving across the membrane.

50
Q

Osmosis is a type of “passive” transport. What does this mean?

A

It doesn’t require energy(ATP).

51
Q

Describe a hypotonic environment

A

there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell

52
Q

Describe a hypertonic environment

A

there is a lower concentration of water outside the cell

53
Q

Describe an isotonic environment

A

there is the same concentration of water outside the cell as there is on the inside (equilibrium)

54
Q

the pressure that builds up inside a cell due to a hypotonic environment

A

osmotic pressure

55
Q

______ helps to withstand high osmotic pressures in plant cells

A

cell walls

56
Q

occurs when plant cells lose water

A

plasmolysis

57
Q

This term describes any type of transport that requires energy to be used by the cell.

A

active transport

58
Q

This term describes any type of transport that does not require energy to be used by the cell.

A

passive transport

59
Q

The movement of particles (generic) from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

A

diffusion

60
Q

The movement of water (specific) from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

A

osmosis

61
Q

The movement of particles across a membrane through channel proteins.

A

facilitated diffusion

62
Q

is a type of active transport in which cells take in large amounts of material.

A

endocytosis

63
Q

is a type of active transport when cells expel a large amount of waste materials into the environment.

A

exocytosis

Biology (7 decks)

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