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Biology > Unit 3 Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Quiz #2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organic compounds are

A

a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently bonded to atoms of other elements.

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2
Q

carbon has _ valence electrons

A

4

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3
Q

______ are organic compounds that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

A

Hydrocarbons

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4
Q

An individual subunit of an organic molecule is called a______

A

monomer

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5
Q

How would you classify a hydrocarbon?

A

if the compound only contains hydrogen and carbon

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6
Q

When monomers are linked together, they form_____

A

polymers

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7
Q

The process of linking monomers together to form polymers is called _____

A

polymerization

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8
Q

what are the 4 types of organic macro-molecules that are found in living things

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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9
Q

Carbohydrates are molecules composed of _____

A

carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen

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10
Q

_______ are the most common types of carbohydrates

A

sugars and starches

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11
Q

Carbohydrates are an important source of energy. When carbohydrates are broken down, they are converted to a usable form of cellular energy known as _____

A

ATP

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12
Q

The monomer of carbohydrates is called a _____ or simple sugar

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

_______ is a monosaccharide made of plant cells during photosynthesis.

A

glucose

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14
Q

_____ is a monosaccharide commonly found in dairy products such as milk or yogurt.

A

galactose

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15
Q

_____ is a monosaccharide found in fruits like apples or bananas.

A

fructose

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16
Q

T or F: ​Glucose, ​fructose, and galactose have the same chemical formulas.

A

T

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17
Q

T or F: Many monosaccharides consist of 5 or 6 carbon atoms.

A

T

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18
Q

T or F: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monomers that can be used to create polymers.

A

T

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19
Q

T or F: Glucose, fructose, and galactose have the same chemical structure.

A

F

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20
Q

_____ are carbohydrates that consist of two monosaccharides linked together.

A

disaccharides

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21
Q

What two simple sugars (monosaccharides) are used found in table sugar (sucrose)?

A

glucose and fructose

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22
Q

______ are polymers of monosaccharides.

A

Polysaccharides

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23
Q

Polysaccharide made and stored by plants such as corn and potatoes.

A

starch

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24
Q

Polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants.

A

cellulose

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25
Q

Polysaccharide made and stored by animals.

A

Glycogen

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26
Q

T or F: Glycogen is stored in the liver and released when blood sugar levels are low.

A

T

27
Q

T or F: Cellulose, starch, and glycogen are polymers made from glucose.

A

T

28
Q

T or F: Cellulose has a “branched” chemical structure.

A

F

29
Q

T or F: Complex sugars (polysaccharides) release energy slowly.

A

T

30
Q

T or F: Carbohydrates are an important component of the human diet because they supply energy.

A

T

31
Q

T or F: Simple sugars can release energy quickly if digested.

A

T

32
Q

______ are non-polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

A

lipids

33
Q

What are some functions of lipids?

A

long term energy storage, major structural component of cell membranes, helps to insulate nerve cells, helps to regulate appetite, helps to protect vital organs, helps to regulate body temp, helps to regulate hormone production, and helps to fight infection

34
Q

T or F:Lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates.

A

T

35
Q

The monomer of lipids is called a ___

A

fatty acid

36
Q

What are the two main components of a fatty acid?

A

a hydrocarbon chain and carboxylic acid

37
Q

____ are a molecule in which three fatty acids are bonded to a glycerol molecule.

A

Triglycerides

38
Q

Why is cholesterol important to the human body?

A

It makes cellular structures and it generated steroid hormones.

39
Q

Cholesterol is a lipid that has a _______ structure.

A

ring

40
Q

______ cholesterol is “good” cholesterol. It can be removed from the body easily.

A

HDL

41
Q

____ is “bad” cholesterol. It cannot be removed from the body easily.

A

LDL

42
Q

If cholesterol is not removed from the body, it can build up as ____ on the walls of arteries.

A

plaque

43
Q

Describe several differences between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.

A

-saturated fats lack double bonds while unsaturated fats contains double bonds
- saturated fats are solid at room temp while unsaturated fats are liquids at room temp
- saturated fats mainly come from animal sources while unsaturated fats come from plant sources
- saturated fats can increase “bad” cholesterol levels while unsaturated fats can lower you “bad” cholesterol

44
Q

Proteins are polymers made up of monomers called____

A

amino acids

45
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

46
Q

​Of the 20 amino acids, ​eight of them are “essential.” What does this mean?

A

This means those 8 must come from the food you eat.

47
Q

Amino acids can be made up of what elements?

A

carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen,and hydrogen

48
Q

What are the three components to every amino acid?

A

Carboxyl Group (-COOH), “R” group, Amino Group (-NH2)

49
Q

Amino acids can join together by forming covalent bonds with each other. These particular bonds are known as

A

peptide bonds

50
Q

What compound is produced as a by-product of peptide bond formation?

A

water

51
Q

A _____ is a long chain of amino acids linked together.

A

polypeptide

52
Q

T or F: Polypeptides can vary by their length.

A

T

53
Q

T or F Polypeptide chains can only form one shape.

A

F

54
Q

T or F: ​Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids.

A

T

55
Q

T or F: Polypeptides can vary by their sequence of amino acids.

A

T

56
Q

what causes some red blood cells to be abnormally shaped (sickle shaped)?

A

If the amino acids are sequenced in the incorrect way, red blood cells will have a different shape that affects their function.

57
Q

Some proteins act as _____ components of organisms. For example, keratin is a protein that helps make up your hair and fingernails.

A

structural

58
Q

Some proteins act as ______ which are catalysts that help speed up chemical reactions in the body.

A

enzymes

59
Q

_____ make up your DNA (genetic instructions).

A

Nucleic acids

60
Q

The monomers that makes up nucleic acids are called ____

A

nucleotides

61
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide.

A

phosphate group, sugar unit, and nitrogen base

62
Q

what are some functions of proteins

A

structural component of organisms, helps transport substances into and out of cells, acts as enzymes

63
Q

Is there a relationship between nucleic acids and proteins?

A

yes

Biology (7 decks)

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