Digestive System Flashcards
What are the energy supplying nutrients?
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
What are the non-energy supplying nutrients?
vitamins, water, and minerals
_____ is the main source of carbohydrates for animals
glucose
______ , also known as fiber, is important because it aids in pushing food through the digestive tract.
cellulose
Energy from food is measured in units called _______
calories
List four important reasons why we need to have lipids in our diet?
1- making cell membranes
2- hormone production
3- myelin production
4- protect organs and insulate body
The human body is made up of ____ of water
60%
List three ways that our body loses water.
Urine, sweat, and respiration.
Important for regulating blood pH, muscle and nerve functions
sodium and potassium
Important for blood clotting and bone/tooth formation.
calcium
Important for thyroid gland functions.
iodine
Important for hemoglobin production.
iron
Vitamin A
Important for healthy skin, mucous membranes, and vision.
Folic acid
Important for neural tube development in fetuses.
Vitamin B12
Important for protein synthesis and red blood cell production.
Vitamin B3
Important for digesting fats, proteins, and glucose.
Vitamin K
Important for blood clotting.
Vitamin B1
Important for aiding in digesting carbohydrates.
Vitamin C
Important for tissue repair, wound healing, and gum repair.
Vitamin D
Important for bone and teeth formation
Vitamin B2
Important for growth of healthy skin.
Vitamin E
Important for a healthy immune system, helps eliminate “free radicals” that prevent cellular damage.
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2
Thiamine
Vitamin B1
Niacin
Vitamin B3
Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin C
The ________ is the pathway that food travels through
alimentary canal
List the parts of the alimentary canal that food passes through in order.
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
How does the mouth mechanically digest food?
By chewing the food into smaller parts
How does the mouth chemically digest food?
Salivary glands produce saliva which lubricates food and contains an enzyme, amylase.
The muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach is called the
esophagus
The area in the back of the throat is known as the
pharynx
The ____ is a structure that prevents food from going down the wrong tube (trachea).
epiglottis
The muscular contractions that push food down the esophagus is called
peristalsis
In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and an enzyme known as_____ help to break down proteins in your food.
pepsin
Why is the mucous lining the inside of your stomach important?
It protects the stomach from its own acid.
The _____ sphincter muscle controls what enters the stomach.
cardiac
The _____ sphincter controls what leaves the stomach.
pyloric
The digested food that leaves the stomach is called
chyme
These are parts of the upper alimentary canal
stomach,mouth, and esophagus
These are parts of the lower alimentary canal
rectum, small intestine, large intestine
The first part of the small intestine is called the
duodenum
The _____ connects the liver to the small intestine (duodenum).
bile duct
Excess bile is stored in the
gallbladder
List three functions of the liver.
1- stores glucose
2- males bile
3- detoxifies drugs and alcohol
List two functions of the pancreas.
1- produces insulin
2- neutralizes stomach acid
In what part of the digestive system do most of the nutrients get absorbed into the blood stream?
small intestine
Water is absorbed from food into the bloodstream in this part of the digestive system.
large intestine
Nitrogen waste produced by the liver is called
urea
Specialized cells found in the kidneys that filter blood are known as
nephrons
List three functions of the kidneys.
1- remove waste products from blood
2- maintain blood PH
3- regulate the water content of blood
The _____ are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
ureter
The _____ is responsible for storing urine.
bladder
Minerals are _____ and vitamins are _______
inorganic,organic
Important for regulating blood pH, muscle and nerve functions
iodine
