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Understanding the Self > Unit 4: Psychological Perspective of Self > Flashcards

Unit 4: Psychological Perspective of Self Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of how humans think, feel, and behave

A

Psychology

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2
Q

The 4 goals of psychology

A
  • Describe
  • Explain
  • Predict
  • Modify
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3
Q

A theory that deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it

A

Theory of Cognitive Development

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4
Q

Who pioneered the Theory of Cognitive Development?

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

The 3 basic components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

A
  • Schemas
  • Adaptation
  • Stages of Cognitive Development
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6
Q

The process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas; subjective

A

Assimilation

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7
Q

The process known as a part of adaptation that involves altering or changing existing schemas as a result of new experiences and information

A

Accomodation

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8
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Knowledge is through the senses
  • Object permanence
A

Sensorimotor
(0-2)

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9
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Verbal and egocentric thinking
  • Conservation of shape, number, liquid not yet possible
A

Preoperational
(2-5)

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10
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Conservation of shape, number, liquid now possible
  • Logic and reasoning
A

Concrete Operational
(6-11)

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11
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Systematic problem solving
  • Ability to think and reflect (metacognition)
  • Scientific reasoning
  • Abstract reasoning
A

Formal Operational
(12+)

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12
Q

The ability to realize that objects still exist even when not being sensed

A

Object Permanence

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13
Q

The belief that inanimate objects are alive

A

Animistic Thinking

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14
Q

The inability to see things from another person’s perspective

A

Egocentrism

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15
Q

The ability to recognize that when some properties of an object change, other properties remain constant

A

Conservation

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16
Q

The 3 levels of mental life

A
  • Conscious Mind
  • Preconscious Mind
  • Unconscious Mind
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17
Q

Level of Mental Life

  • Current thoughts and senses
  • Minimal influence in behavior
A

Conscious Mind

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18
Q

Level of Mental Life

  • Thoughts we can bring into consciousness easily
A

Preconscious Level

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19
Q

Level of Mental Life

  • Instincts, wishes, desires that drive behavior
  • Focus of psychoanalytic theory
  • Repressed experiences
A

Unconscious Level

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20
Q

A situation in psychosexual stages wherein psychic energy remains invested on one stage, leaving less energy for the next

A

Fixation

21
Q

Areas of the body sensitive to pleasant and sensual feelings

A

Erogenous Zones

22
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Sucking, biting, swallowing, feeding
  • Mother, caregiver
  • Erogenous zone: mouth
A

Oral Stage
(birth to 1)

23
Q

The 2 ways of fixation in oral psychosexual stage

A
  • Oral Incorporative
  • Oral Aggressive/Sadistic
24
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Retention of feces and willful defecation
  • Toilet training
  • Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
A

Anal Stage
(1-3)

25
Q

The 2 ways of fixation in anal psychosexual stage

A
  • Anal Expulsion
  • Anal Retention
26
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Exploring, manipulating genitals
  • Personality development
  • Phallic personality
  • Erogenous zone: genitals
A

Phallic Stage
(3-6)

27
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Safest stage
  • Sexual urges dormant
  • Libido transformed to acceptable activities
  • Friendship with the same sex
A

Latency Stage
(6 to puberty)

28
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Genital personality
  • Psychological maturity
A

Genital Stage
(puberty to death)

29
Q

Who elaborated on the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the wide developmental changes is observed across the life stages?

A

Dr. Susan Harter

30
Q

Harter’s 2 important concepts of self

A
  • Self-esteem
  • Self-concept
31
Q

Harter’s 4 development of self-concept

A
  • early childhood
  • middle-later childhood
  • adolescence
  • emerging adults
32
Q

The Father of American Psychology who asserted that the self lies at the center of mental life

A

William James

33
Q

James’s self that refers to the pure ego, the subjective self aware of its actions

A

I-Self
A sense of:
- being the agent of behavior
- continuity
- being unique
- being aware

34
Q

James’s self that refers to the object, the self that can be described based on observation and experience

A

Me-Self
- Material Self
- Social Self
- Spiritual Self

35
Q

Who was one of the founders of humanistic approach to psychology and asserted that all behavior is motivated by self-actualizing tendencies and these drive you to reach your potential?

A

Carl Rogers

36
Q

A person is an active, creative, experiencing being who lives in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

A

Actualizing Tendency

37
Q

Emphasized the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and external worlds

A

Humanistic

38
Q

The 2 needs in Actualizing Tendency

A
  • need for maintenance
  • need for enhancement
39
Q

The 2 subsystems of the self

A
  • Self Concept
  • Ideal Self
40
Q

Who developed a transactional analysis method for understanding behavior?

A

Eric Berne

41
Q

Berne’s 2 methods for understaning behaviors

A
  • Every person has 3 parts called ego states in their personality
  • People communicate with one another assuming roles of any of these ego states
42
Q

Ego State

  • Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings copied from parents and parent figures
  • Nurturing/Controlling
A

Parent Ego State

43
Q

Ego State

  • Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are direct responses to the present
  • Open/Unyielding
A

Adult Ego State

44
Q

Ego State

Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are replayed from childhood
- Creative/Petulant

A

Child Ego State

45
Q

Who (2) asserted that children are adjusted to their parents’ feelings and needs?

A
  • John Bowlby
  • Donald Winnicott
46
Q

Bowlby & Winnicott’s 2 concepts of self

A
  • True Self
  • False Self
47
Q

Bowlby & Winnicott’s concept of the false self referring to one which allows someone to be functional in society and still connected to the true self

A

Healthy False Self

48
Q

Bowlby & Winnicott’s concept of the false self referring to one that fits in society through forced compliance rather than a desire to adapt

A

Unhealthy False Self

Understanding the Self (8 decks)

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