Unit 1: Self from the Perspective of Philosophy Flashcards
Who said:
“The unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
The father of western philosophy
Socrates
Who stated that man’s ultimate goal is to achieve happiness
Socrates
Who stated that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world?
Plato
Plato’s 3 views on man’s soul
- Appetitive (sensual experiences)
- Rational (truth and reason)
- Spirited (passion and honor)
Who gave a Christian perspective on Plato’s theory of forms, saying forms exist within God?
St. Augustine
St. Augustine’s view on how man can achieve happiness
Soul -> Communion -> Happiness
St. Augustine’s 2 views on man
- Body
- Soul
Who said:
Latin: “Cogito ergo sum”
English: “I think therefore I am”
Rene Descartes
A systematic process of being skeptical and to ascertain the ultimate truth, advocated by Descartes
Methodical Doubt
Descartes’s 2 views on man
- Cogito/Mind
- Body
Who said:
“Knowledge is derived from experience”
John Locke
Who viewed the self as “tabula rasa” (blank slate), stating that experiences form our identity?
John Locke
The father of classical liberalism
John Locke
Who viewed the self as focused more on nurture than nature?
John Locke
Who said:
“Knowledge is derived from human senses”
David Hume
Who advocated Empiricism, stating that impressions and ideas are two of mind’s perceptions?
David Hume
Who said:
“Reason is the final authority of morality”
Immanuel Kant
Who stated that knowledge bridges the self and the material world
Immanuel Kant
A term used for mental processes with which a person makes sense of an idea
Apperception
Kant’s 2 views on the self
- Experiences
- Apparatuses of the mind
Who said:
“Wish fulfillment is the road to the consciousness”
Sigmund Freud
The father of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Freud’s 3 views on the unconscious
- Id (pleasure principle)
- Superego (perfection principle)
- Ego (reality principle)
Who said:
“I act therefore I am”
Gilbert Ryle
Who viewed the self as our collection of behaviors?
Gilbert Ryle
Who said:
“The physical brain and not the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self”
Paul Churchland
Who viewed man as materialistic, stating there is no soul?
Paul Churchland
Who said:
“The physical body is an important part of the self”
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
Who viewed the self as an “embodied subjectivity”?
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty
Merleau-Ponty’s 3 views on the self
- Body
- People & World
- Perceived World
