Unit 4: Outcome 2 Flashcards
The rationale of the SDGs
The SDGs seek to build on the MDGs and complete what they did not achieve.
Balance the three dimensions of sustainable development – environmental, social and economic.
People, planet, peace, prosperity, partnership
SDG objectives
End extreme poverty
Fight inequality and injustice
Address climate change
How will the SDGs be achieved?
A contract that binds all the countries to uphold the goals
Working collaboratively to achieve the goals
By working to improve the current urgent environmental, political and economic challenges of the world
Goals
- No poverty
- Zero hunger
- Good health and wellbeing
- Quality education
- Gender equality
- Clean water and sanitation
- Climate action
Goal 3 - Good health and wellbeing
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 3 targets
Outcomes
Reduce global maternal mortality, infant mortality and U5MR
End communicable diseases
Reduce premature mortality from NCD and promote mental health and wellbeing
Reduce the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic incidents
Reduce deaths from contamination and pollution
How to do it:
Access to sexual and reproductive health care
Achieve universal health coverage
Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Tobacco
Increase the strength of the health workforce
Strengthen the capacity of all countries for health risks
Strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse
SDG 1 - no poverty
Goal 1 aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere
Targets for SDG 1
Eradicate extreme poverty for all people
Reduce by at least half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty
Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all
Ensure that all men and women have equal rights to economic resources
Build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations
Create sound policy frameworks
Relationship between SDG 1 to SDG 3
Prioritising the health needs of the poor
By reducing poverty incomes increase, therefore they can afford;
healthcare to prevent maternal mortality
essential medicines to treat NCDs
education to improve health literacy about communicable/NC diseases
SDG 2 - Zero Hunger
Aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Targets of SDG 2
End hunger and ensure access for all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
End all forms of malnutrition
Double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers.
Ensure sustainable food production systems
Maintain the genetic diversity of seeds
Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets
The relationship between SDG 2 and SDG 3
Addressing the causes and consequences of all forms of malnutrition
By reducing malnutrition it can;
allow children to have good immune systems and therefore are less likely to die as infants or under 5
allow mothers to prevent birth complications relating to malnutrition and reduce maternal mortality
SDG 4 - Quality Education
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Targets of SDG 4
Ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education
Ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality education
Eliminate gender disparities
Ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults achieve literacy and numeracy.
Ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development
Provide facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all.
Increase the supply of qualified teachers
The relationship between SDG 4 and SDG 3
Supporting high-quality education for all to improve health and health equity
Increasing education helps to;
increase health literacy about communicable diseases and therefore prevent mortality
increase health literacy about NCD’s and therefore reduce premature mortality
increase health literacy about vaccinations which will reduce infant and U5MR
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
The aim is to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Targets of SDG 5
End all forms of discrimination and violence against women
Recognise and value unpaid care and domestic work
Equal opportunities for leadership
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health rights
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources
Enhance the use of enabling technology
Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation
The relationship between SDG 5 and SDG 3
Fighting gender inequalities, including violence against women.
By achieving gender equality;
Women will have adequate access to health care and prevent maternal mortality
Increasing access of women to education will allow them to earn an income which will help provide health care to their children reducing U5MR
More women earning money and paying tax will allow gov to implement universal health coverage
SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
SDG 6 - Targets
Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation
Improve water quality
Increase water-use efficiency
Water resources management
Protect and restore water-related ecosystems
water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes in low-middle income countries
The relationship between SDG 3 and SDG 6
Preventing disease through safe water and sanitation for all
By achieving safe water and sanitation it will;
reduce the risk of drinking contaminated water and therefore prevent communicable disease mortality
Help prevent waterborne diseases and prevent U5MR and infant mortality
SDG 13 - Climate Action
The aim of this goal is to take action to combat climate change and its impacts
SDG 13 - Targets
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards in all countries.
Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.
Improve education on climate change
Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in low-income countries
Relationship between SDG 3 and SDG 13
Protecting health from climate risks, and promoting health through low-carbon development
By combating climate change it will;
reduce risk of rising sea levels and therefore contaminated water which will prevent waterborne diseases
It will reduce the risk of natural disasters and therefore allow gov to spend money on implementing universal health coverage
WHO objectives
World Health Organisation - to build a better, healthier future for all people all over the world
To improve peoples health and wellbeing
Focuses on equitable health so that all people can experience good health
WHO priorities
Universal health coverage The international Health regulations Increasing access to medical products Social, economic and environmental determinants Non-communicable diseases Health-related MDG (SDG)
Advancing Universal Health Coverage
The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them
- access to the services and financial protection are vital in the role of reducing health inequities
How to achieve universal health coverage
A strong, efficient, well-run health system that meets priority health needs through people-centred care
Affordability
A sufficient capacity of well-trained, motivated health workers to provide the services
How does universal health coverage promote health globally
Encourages people to stay healthy and prevent illness
detects health conditions early
Has the capacity to treat the disease as needed
Helps patients with rehabilitation.
WHO’s work in universal health coverage
Providing practical advice to countries
Health service integration across healthcare
Collection, analysis and use of health data
Addressing issues of health workforce shortages
Working on national health policies
Health-related SDG’s (MDG)
Addressing unfinished and future challenges: accelerating the achievement of the current health-related goals up to and beyond 2015.
Work in health goals represents one of the significant ways in which the WHO contributes to poverty reduction and a more equitable world
WHO’s work in Health-related SDG’s (MDG)
Reduce maternal, child and newborn mortality
Build resilient health systems
Increasing access to safe water and sanitation
Improving nutrition, reducing morbidity and mortality due to HIV, TB and malaria
Addressing the challenges of non-communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases have had a major burden on the health of countries all over the world and is rapidly growing
Disability, disease and injury are set to overtake communicable diseases in the leading cause of death especially in low-middle income countries
WHO’s work in Addressing the Challenges of NCD’s
focus on 4 major non-communicable diseases – CVD, cancers, chronic lung diseases and diabetes – and their major risk factors – tobacco, diet, inactivity and alcohol
Prevention and improved access to affordable pharmaceuticals
Mental health - development of policies
Injuries - Strengthening health systems
Implementing the provisions of the International Health Regulations
Ensuring that all countries can meet the capacity requirements specified in the Regulations
All countries must now work together to prevent, detect, inform and respond to infectious diseases
WHO’s work in The IHR’s
Keeps countries informed about public health risks and works with partners to assist countries to build capacity to detect, report and respond to public health events.
Strengthen its own systems to ensure a rapid and well-coordinated response to future public health emergencies
Providing the support needed for countries
Increasing access to medical products
Essential medicines and vaccines need to be available quality, and affordable
Progress in meeting our global health needs requires new medicines, vaccines and diagnostics
Provision of essential medicines is one of the most cost-effective ways to improve health
WHO’s work in Increasing access to medical products
Focused on improved access to safe, quality, affordable and efficacious medicines, diagnostics and other health technologies
Promote research and the development of medical products needed by low- and middle-income countries
Addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants
The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for the differences seen in health status. If health inequality is to be reduced, these determinants must be understood and addressed
WHO’s work in Addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants
Participation in policy-making and implementation
Reorient the health sector towards promoting health and reducing health inequalities
Strengthen global governance and collaboration
Types of aid
Emergency
Bilateral
Multilateral
Emergency Aid
Purpose- Meet immediate needs Save lives, reduce suffering Reduce further impacts by meeting the needs of those affected Characteristics - Rapid asssistance Provision of basic supplies; water, food, shelter, sanitation and medicine Short term provision
Bilateral Aid
Purpose -
Meets the needs of the country and its people
Builds relationship between countries
Promotes health and wellbeing, sustainable economic growth and prosperity
Characteristics -
Long term assistance
Focused on development
Provision of essential infrastructure
Focus on education
Building civil society, providing governance and support
Multilateral Aid
Purpose -
Large-scale programs focused on global health and well-being, and sustainable development
Can impact the lives of many
Provided to those who need it most
Characteristics -
Provided by an international organisation, WHO, UN or World Bank
Funded by donations from lots of countries
Large-scale medical programs
Provision of food
Focus of Australias aid
‘promoting prosperity, reducing poverty and enhancing stability’
Pursues our national interest and extends Australia’s influence
Impacts on promoting economic growth and reducing poverty
Reflects Australia’s value
Makes performance count
Private sector development and strengthening human development
Australia’s contribution to aid
Emergency Aid
Bilateral aid programs
Funding non-government organisations and supporting their aid programs
Funding international and multilateral aid programs
Expert aid
Australia’s aid priority areas
Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
Agriculture, fisheries and water
Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
Education and health
Building resilience: humanitarian assistance disaster risk reduction and social protection
Gender equality and empowering women and girls
Infrastructure, trade faciliation and international competiveness
It is vital for sustainable economic development
Australia commits to addressing inadequate infrastructure which will generate employment, support economic growth, improve sanitation and water facilities, allows poor to access basic services, stable energy sources and boost international trade.
This allows people to improve their health and wellbein
Agriculture, fisheries and water
Provides employment, income, empowers women and lifts people out of poverty
Helps develop sustainable practices to reduce food scarcity and build resilience
The aus gov strengthens markets, innovation for productivity and sustainable resource use and policy, governance and reform to help develop low-middle income countries
Effective governance: Policies, institutions and functioning economies
Promotes stability and peace, encourages economic growth, works towards poverty reduction and advances in gender equality.
Aus Gov strengthens law and justice systems, improves business regulations, addresses corruption, fair tax systems, quality public services, preventing conflict and building peace and builds strong effective governance.
Education and health
Is critical to human development and health and wellbeing
Lifts people out of poverty, creates employment, allows children to reach their full potential and address health challenges faced in the community
Aus Gov supports remote schooling, teacher training, builds and improves schools, trains nurses, invests money to address communicable diseases such as AIDS.
Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection
It is critical as it helps countries prepare for natural disaster and respond immediately to a crisis
It prevents disasters from damaging the progress made towards the SDG’s
Aus Gov sends humanitarian aid in times of disasters, works with international agencies to provide emergency aid and builds the resilience of countries
Gender equality and empowering girls and women
Is critical for development, security, stability and health and wellbeing of a country. It can reduce poverty, hunger and mortality in low-middle income countries.
Aus Gov works with women who are victims of violence and works to address under-representation of women in parliament
Role of non-government organisations
Are non-for profit groups that provide assistance around the world to those in need.
NGO’s focus on communities to provide resources and support education, creating sustainable long-term programs to help communities.
They are able to promote health and wellbeing, and human development, beyond providing emergency aid during crisis situations.
NGO - World Vision
Is an NGO that provides short and long-term assistance to children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice.
They emphasise; the needs of children, long-term sustainability, education and skills training, gender equality, HIV prevention and affordable technology solutions.
Helps improve health and wellbeing and health status in many countries by providing basic necessities for health.
Features of an effective aid program
They must be sustainable (SEE) and address the needs of the most vulnerable.
Meet the long-term needs of the individuals and communities beyond just the program
Achieving social sustainability (effective aid)
Empowering people to take control of their lives
Respecting the values and knowledge of people
Promoting equity by including all people in a community in decisions that will impact on their community.
Achieving economic sustainability (effective aid)
Ensuring employment opportunities, fair wages and price of goods and services
Promoting economic growth at a national and international level
Investing in education and knowledge of the workforce
Having access to appropriate technology, transport, communication systems and energy
Achieving environmental sustainability (effective aid)
Protecting natural resources
Reducing energy usage and promoting greater efficiency
Reducing pollution
Encouraging industry and agriculture to use natural resources responsibly
Four principles of effective aid
Country ownership - can only succeed if led by developing countries, implementing approaches specific to that country
Focus on results - Must have a lasting impact on eradicating poverty, reducing inequality and sustainable development of the country
Inclusive partnerships - Openness, trust and mutual respect is required where all people are included for these programs to work
Transparency and mutual accountability - Upholding the promises made so that the program can be effective for a country
Human Development
PPPCCKHD develop to their full potential lead Productive and creative lives Participate in their community expand their Choices enhance their Capabilities have access to Knowledge have access to Health enjoy a Decent standard of living
Social action
It is about what you can do as an individual or a community to take action and make a difference
Why do people take social action?
To help those less fortunate
Ensure everyone’s needs are represented
Eliminate discrimination
Prevent harm or damage to the community
Ways to take social action
Volunteering Donations Being aware and advocating for change Being healthy Using technology to support effective aid programs
Water Aid
International NGO deicated to transforming ht elives of the poorest by improving access to safe water and sanitation
SDG’s addressed Water Aid
1,2,3,4,5,6,13
Water Aid partnerships
Works with governments and communties to provide access to water and sanitation
Is Water Aid an effective program?
S - empowers people, reduces inequalities
E - provides employment
E - reducing impact of farming on the land
tailored specific to the community
improves mortality rates drastically (results)
helps community work together
Universal health coverage
Ensuring that people obtain all the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them
Health and wellbeing - definition
Health is the complete state of physical, social and mental health not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but also including emotional and spiritual health. Wellbeing is a complex combination of all dimensions of health, characterized by an equilibrium where the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged
Sustainable development
Is the process for meeting human development goals while maintaining the ability to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend, taking into account the elements of affordability, appropriateness and equity
