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Health + Human: 3+4 > Unit 3 : Outcome 1 SAC 1A > Flashcards

Unit 3 : Outcome 1 SAC 1A Flashcards

1
Q

Health (WHO 1946)

A

A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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2
Q

Wellbeing

A

A complex combination of all dimensions of health, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

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3
Q

Illness

A

The state of feeling unwell, although the term is often used synonymously with disease.
It refers to how someone may experience the disease

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4
Q

Health status

A

‘An individual’s or population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors’.

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5
Q

Physical dimension

A

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, including the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.

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6
Q

Social dimension

A

The ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.

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7
Q

Mental dimension

A

Mental health is the current state of wellbeing relating to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.

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8
Q

Spiritual dimension

A

Not material in nature but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscince of human beings.

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9
Q

Emotional dimension

A

Emotional health relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way.

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10
Q

Chronic diseases

A

Diseases marked by a long duration and frequent recurrence that often progress slowly, especially degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. Also known as non-communicable diseases.

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11
Q

Optimal health and wellbeing

A

The best possible state of an individual’s health and wellbeing for their age.

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12
Q

Equity

A

Equity is not about treating equally but rather providing what the individuals or groups require for health and wellbeing.

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13
Q

Self-assessed health status

A

An overall measure of a populations health based on persons own perceptions of their health.

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

An indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

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15
Q

HALE - Health adjusted life expectancy

A

A measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

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16
Q

Mortality

A

The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.

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17
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of deaths among children aged under 1 year in a given period, per 1000 live births in the same period.

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18
Q

U5MR- Under 5 mortality rate

A

The number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births.

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19
Q

Maternal mortality

A

Refers to the number of deaths of women due to pregnancy or childbirth-related complications.

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20
Q

Morbidity

A

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill- health in a population or group.

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21
Q

Burden of diseases

A

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.

22
Q

DALY - Disability adjusted life year

A

A measure of burden of disease - one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease and injury.

23
Q

YLL - Years of life lost

A

The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of life lost due to death.

24
Q

YLD - Years lost due to disability

A

The non-fatal component of the disease burden; a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases or injuries.

25
Q

Incidence

A

The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.

26
Q

Prevalence

A

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

27
Q

Health (Ottawa Charter 1986)

A

A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

28
Q

Dynamic

A

When something is dynamic, it is changing or moving continually in response to its environment and experiences.

29
Q

How can an health and wellbeing be dynamic?

A

You may be at optimal health and then you learn of a close family member who has suddenly passed away and that will affect the emotional health and wellbeing

30
Q

Subjective

A

It is considered to be influenced by personal opinions, beliefs and past experiences, or their perception of their health

31
Q

How can health be subjective?

A

If someone is fighting the flu they may consider themselves very unwell if they have never experienced a cold before, whereas someone who has a terminal illness the flu may not be as bad

32
Q

Physical health and wellbeing factors

A 
Being able to perform physical task effectively
Having flexibility of muscles and joints
Being free from illness
Limiting progression of chronic diseases
Strong immune system
Physically fit
Adequate levels of energy
Healthy blood pressure
Healthy BMI
Reliable body function
33
Q

Social health and wellbeing factors

A 
Forming friendships
Managing conflict effectively
Obeying laws and rules of society
Maintaining a network of friends
Communicating effectively
Accepting responsibilities for ones actions
Working as part of a team effectively
Being respectful of other in a range of social situations
Active family member
Having meaningful relationships
34
Q

Mental health and wellbeing factors

A 
Positively forming opinions
Coping with day to day demands
Positive decision making
Feeling good about oneself
Being accepting of oneself
Supporting and helping the community
Having confidence and self belief
Coping mechanisms for stress
35
Q

Emotional health and wellbeing factors

A 
Feelings of accomplishment
Feeling in control of feelings
Expressing feelings openly
Feelings of security
Resilience
Aware of personal feelings
36
Q

Spiritual health and wellbeing factors

A 
Sense of belonging
Happiness and fulfilment
Peace and harmony
Being involved in a community in a way that supports your faith system
Seeking meaning of life
Sense of purpose, meaning or values
Having a belief or faith system
37
Q

Interrelationships

A

How dimensions impact on each other

38
Q

Health and wellbeing as a resource

A

Individually
Nationally
Globally

39
Q

Individual - health and wellbeing as a resource

A 
Participate in everyday activities
Helps with growth and development
Increases life expectancy and HALE
Less likely to contract diseases/illnesses
Improves life quality
Creates positive relationships
Spend less on healthcare costs
40
Q

Nationally - health and wellbeing as a resource

A 
Increased productivity
Increased life expectancy and HALE
Less money going to treat, cure and prevent illnesses and it can go somewhere else
Increased economy and trade
Reduced burden on healthcare system
41
Q

Globally - health and wellbeing as a resource

A

increased life expectancy and HALE
Decrease in emergence or re - emergence of communicable diseases
Decrease in non communicable diseases
Decrease in extreme poverty
Increase of economic and social development of low in come countries
Increased global economic activity and productivity
Vulnerable groups health status improves
The ability to act freely

42
Q

Prerequisites for health

A 
Peace
Shelter
Education
Food
Income
Stable ecosystem
Sustainable resources
Social justice and equity
43
Q

Peace prerequisite

A

Means living with others on the basis of tolerance, respect and mutual understanding
More than just absence of war or conflict
Access to education, health services, developing sustainability

44
Q

Shelter prerequisite

A

More than a roof over ones head

Dwelling that provides safety, security and privacy

45
Q

Education prerequisite

A

Increases health literacy

Affects health behaviours, risk taking, use of healthcare services

46
Q

Health literacy

A

An ability to obtain, process and use basic health information and services to make an appropriate health decision

47
Q

Food prerequisite

A

Nutritious food develops a strong immune system, healthy body function, healthy mind function and increase life expectancy and HALE

48
Q

Income prerequisite

A

Social gradient of health, the more money a person has the healthier they tend to be
Money allows access to food, water, shelter, sanitation, education and healthcare
The person can be affected by the country’s GNP and the individuals income

49
Q

Stable ecosystem prerequisite

A

Refers to a balanced relationship between species and landscape that live in an environment
Provides clean air, water, food.

50
Q

Sustainable resources prerequisite

A

Relate to using the resources for current living but still keeping the natural systems functioning and have the resources available for future generations
Impacts on air quality, water, and wildlife

51
Q

Social justice and equity prerequisite

A

All people within a community receive fair treatment at all time
Equity not equality, taking into account gender, race, religion, culture, socioeconomic background and education

52
Q

Indicators of health status

A 
Life expectancy
Incidence
Prevalence
DALY
Mortality - maternal, infant and under 5
Morbidity
Self assessed health status
Burden of disease
HALE

Health + Human: 3+4 (6 decks)

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