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Health + Human: 3+4 > Unit 3: Outcome 1 SAC 1B > Flashcards

Unit 3: Outcome 1 SAC 1B Flashcards

1
Q

Biological factors definition

A

Factors relating to the body that impact on health and wellbeing

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2
Q

Sociocultural factors definition

A

Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health and wellbeing.

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3
Q

Environmental factors definition

A

The surroundings in which we live, work and play. The environment includes water and air, workplaces, roads, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards.

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4
Q

Biological factors

A 
Genetics
Body weight
Blood cholesterol
Blood pressure
Blood glucose regulation
Birthweight
Age
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5
Q

Sociocultural factors

A 
Family
Peers and community
Socioeconomic status
Level of education
Employment status
Overcrowding and homelessness
Access to health information
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6
Q

Environmental factors

A

Air, water and sanitation quality
Access to physical resources such as transport, recreation facilities and healthcare
Workplace
Climate change and natural disasters

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7
Q

Genetics

A

Determines lifespan and healthiness
Genetic predisposition to some diseases
Can inherit mutated genes

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8
Q

Body weight

A

Overweight/obese people are at high risk of chronic diseases

Influenced by genetics, metabolism, hormones, behaviours

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9
Q

Blood cholesterol

A

LDL = bad cholesterol
HDL = good cholesterol
High cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary heart disease

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10
Q

Blood pressure

A

Dynamic
Hypertension = high blood pressure
Hypertension increases the risk for chronic diseases
Risk factors are age, genetic predisposition, obesity, alcohol/tobacco, high salt, stress

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11
Q

Birthweight

A

Low birthweight can be dangerous
Due to premature birth or foetal growth restriction
Old/ young mothers
Increases risk for respiratory stress syndrome, bleeding on the brain, heart problems and eye conditions, hypertension and diabetes

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12
Q

Age

A

Deterioration of body systems (mental and physical)
Restricts mental/physical function
More susceptible to illness, long-term conditions and diseases

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13
Q

Family

A

Social disadvantages in childhood can limit a child’s opportunity for health their entire life
Not all parents can access education, healthcare and community resources for their kids

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14
Q

Peers and community

A

Support from other people

Emotional, tangible, informational or companionship

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15
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

Income, education, employment and occupation

Disadvantaged are more likely to have poorer health

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16
Q

Level of education

A

Higher education means higher levels of health

Lower education means lower levels of health

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17
Q

Employment status

A

Impacts in a physical sense, social or mental sense

Unemployment is detrimental to health

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18
Q

Overcrowding and homelessness

A

Overcrowding and homelessness have detrimental effects on health

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19
Q

Air, water and sanitation quality

A

Bad air, water and sanitation cause a range of health problems

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20
Q

Access to physical resources

A

Transport systems need to be safe reliable and accessible to have health benefits
Recreational facilities that are available increase health status
Geographic location can determine whether a person can access healthcare or not

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21
Q

Workplace

A

Physical dangers of some workplaces can be hazardous
Can strain body systems
Sedentary jobs have a higher risk of chronic diseases

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22
Q

Climate change and natural disasters

A

Climate change can decrease health status due to rising prices of food, water and energy
Natural disasters can have bad impact immediately and long term

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23
Q

Males and females health status difference

A 
males have 
lower life expectancy
higher injury rates
higher morbidity from CVD and cancers
higher rates of diabetes
lower rates of osteoporosis
lower rates of mental disorders 
lower rates of dementia
higher suicide rates
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24
Q

Males and females biological factors

A

males have
-higher rates of abdominal fat/overweight
- genetic predisposition to CVD and prostate cancer
- higher rates of hypertension
- higher levels of testosterone
females have
- genetic predisposition to breast cancer
-higher levels of oestrogen, osteoporosis and CVD

25
Q

Males and females sociocultural factors

A 
males are more likely
- to be unemployed 
- have higher SES
females are more likely
- to access health information/services
26
Q

Males and females environmental factors

A

males are more likely

  • to be exposed to unsafe work environments
  • be exposed to hazardous substances in the workplace
  • be exposed to sun due to working outdoors
27
Q

Indigenous health status

A
  • lower life expectancy
  • poorer assessed health status
  • higher disability rates
  • higher rates cancer, CVD, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, infectious diseases, gum decay and dental disease
  • higher infant mortality
  • higher injury death and hospitalisation rates
28
Q

Indigenous biological factors

A

higher

  • obesity/overweight
  • impaired glucose regulations
  • high blood pressure
  • low birthweight babies
  • high blood cholesterol levels
29
Q

Indigenous sociocultural factors

A
  • higher unemployment
  • lower income
  • lower education
  • higher social exclusion
  • fewer home ownership
  • more overcrowding
  • higher rates of poverty
  • cultural barriers accessing health care
30
Q

Indigenous environmental factors

A
  • more likely to be exposed to poor air quality
  • have lower quality roads
  • limited recreational facilities
  • lack of access to running water/sanitation
  • less access to healthcare
31
Q

Low SES health status

A
  • lower life expectancy
  • higher infant mortality
  • higher diabetes, coronary heart disease, mental health conditions, respiratory conditions, lung cancer
32
Q

Low SES biological factors

A
  • higher obesity
  • higher blood pressure
  • higher impaired glucose
  • higher low birthweight babies
33
Q

Low SES sociocultural factors

A
  • housing issues, overcrowding
  • low levels of education
  • higher levels of unemployment
  • less likely to access preventative health services
34
Q

Low SES environmental factors

A
  • greater exposure to tobacco smoke
  • exposure to high risk working environments
  • poor access to infrastructure
35
Q

Remote area health status

A
  • lower life expectancy
  • higher road injury/fatalities
  • higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, CVD, poor postnatal and antenatal health, mental health problem, poor dental health
  • higher infant mortality
36
Q

Remote areas biological factors

A
  • higher obesity/overweight
  • higher impaired glucose regulation
  • more high blood pressure
  • more low birth weight babies
  • more high blood cholesterol
37
Q

Remote areas sociocultural factors

A
  • more difficulty accessing healthcare facilities
  • difficulty obtaining support from the wider community
  • higher rates of unemployment
  • lower incomes
  • lower education
38
Q

Remote areas environmental factors

A
  • harsher environmental conditions
  • reduced access to recreational facilities
  • less access to fluoridated water
  • more dangerous work environments
39
Q

Smoking

A
  • increases the risk of CVD as it increases the blood pressure in the body which leads to atherosclerosis and therefore coronary heart disease
  • increases the risk of cancer as it increases inflammation within the body and extra white blood cells are released to regenerate
  • increases respiratory problems
  • passive smoking can be just as harmful
  • pregnant smokers cause miscarriages and other complications.
40
Q

Tabacco smoke between populations

A

males
remote areas
low SES
indigenous

41
Q

Alcohol

A
  • responsible for most car crashes, fire injuries, suicide and child abuse
  • alcohol adds kilojoules to the diet and increases energy intake, therefore, contributing weight gain and obesity
  • long-term alcohol abuse causes high blood pressure and can increase the risk of CVD’s like stroke
  • alcohol is carcinogenic and therefore increase the risk of cancer
  • long-term alcohol abuse can cause liver disease, mental health conditions and foetal defects
42
Q

Alcohol between population groups

A

Indigenous
High SES
Remote areas

43
Q

High body mass

A
  • excess body fat prohibits the insulin from being effective and therefore causes type 2 diabetes
  • increases risk of CVD as food consumed usually contain salt and sugar which increases the risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
  • reduces life expectancy and HALE
44
Q

High body mass between population groups

A

males
low SES
indigenous

45
Q

High intake of fat

A
  • saturated and trans fats increase LDL cholesterol and increase the risk of CVD
  • monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats increase HDL cholesterol and decrease LDL cholesterol
  • High fats foods are energy dense and therefore contribute to weight gain and obesity especially trans/saturated fats
  • due to high intake of fat usually resulting in weight gain this directly leads to type 2 diabetes
  • high intake of fat increases blood pressure and increase the risk of atherosclerosis which directly leads to stroke and coronary heart disease.
  • high intake of fat increase risk of colorectal cancer
46
Q

High intake of fat between population groups

A

regional/remote areas

47
Q

High intake of salt

A
  • increases the risk of hypertension which is a risk factor for heart disease and atherosclerosis.
  • increases the risk of osteoporosis as it leeches urine from the bones and therefore creating weak bones
48
Q

High intake of salt between population groups

A

Indigenous

49
Q

High intake of sugar

A
  • high intake of high sugar foods increases the amount of fat stored in the body and adds extra kilojoules to the diet causing weight gain and obesity
  • high intake of sugar increases the insulin produced and the body becomes immune to the effect of insulin causing type 2 diabetes
  • high sucrose intake raises triglyceride levels in the body which increases the risk of CVD
50
Q

High sugar intake between population groups

A

Males
Low SES
Remote areas

51
Q

Low intake of fibre

A
  • low intake of fibre increases the risk of colorectal cancer as a faster elimination of faeces prevents the build-up of bacteria
  • low intake of fibre increases obesity as fibre is responsible for feelings of satiety and low intake will cause people to overconsume other foods to feel full
  • soluble fibre removes the bile acids from the body and therefore removes the cholesterol and therefore lowering the risk of CVD
  • low fibre foods generally are higher in sugar and cause poor blood sugar control which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes
52
Q

Low intake of fibre between population group

A

indigenous

remote areas

53
Q

Low intake of iron

A
  • iron makes up haemoglobin and carries oxygen around the body
  • an insufficient intake of iron means there is not enough oxygen in the blood/body and this increases the risk of anaemia
54
Q

low intake of iron between population groups

A

females

low SES

55
Q

Underconsumption of veggies and fruit

A
  • the antioxidants and phytochemicals in vegetables protect against cancer and CVD, and veggies high in fibre
  • underconsumption of veggies leads to weight gain and high BMI increases the risk of type 2 diabetes
  • adequate fruit intake reduces blood pressure and prevents CVD
  • underconsumption of fruit leads to weight gain as fruit has high amounts of fibre and low kilojoules therefore reducing total energy intake and providing satiety preventing obesity
56
Q

Underconsumption of fruit and veggies between population groups

A

indigenous

low SES

57
Q

Underconsumption of dairy foods

A
  • increases risk of osteoporosis as calcium is an essential nutrient for bones and teeth
58
Q

Underconsumption of dairy foods between population groups

A

Females

Indigenous

Health + Human: 3+4 (6 decks)

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