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YEAR 12: HHD > Unit 4: Outcome 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4: Outcome 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Developed countries

A

A country that has progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators

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2
Q

Developing countries

A

A country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators

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3
Q

Developed countries

Economic characteristics

A

High average incomes and global trade

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4
Q

Developed countries
Economic characteristics
High average incomes

A

Jobs are relatively easy to get and are also easy to maintain, meaning people are earning an income

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5
Q

Developed countries
Economic characteristics
Global trade

A

There are many opportunities for global trade due to a wide range of industries

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6
Q

Developed countries

Social characteristics

A

High levels of education and access to technology

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7
Q

Developed countries
Social characteristics
High levels of education

A

People have the choice to use education. It is usually compulsory up to age 16

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8
Q

Developed countries
Social characteristics
Access to technology

A

Technology is more accessible due to money, education and infrastructure

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9
Q

Developed countries

Environment characteristics

A

Access to food and adequate housing

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10
Q

Developed countries
Environment characteristics
Access to food

A

Developed countries have access to high quality, nutritious foods

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11
Q

Developed countries
Environment characteristics
Adequate housing

A

Usually have adequate housing with spaces and safe drinking water

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12
Q

Developing countries

Economic characteristics

A

Employment and poverty

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13
Q

Developing countries
Economic characteristics
Employment

A

Limited jobs available due to limited range of industries

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14
Q

Developing countries
Economic characteristics
Poverty

A

Large proportion of the population are living in poverty due to lack of jobs

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15
Q

Developing countries

Social characteristics

A

Health care and technology

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16
Q

Developing countries
Social characteristics
Health care

A

Lack access to health care which effects the wellbeing of the population

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17
Q

Developing countries
Social characteristics
Technology

A

Lack of access to technology which impacts education and employment

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18
Q

Developing countries

Environmental characteristics

A

Access to food and adequate housing

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19
Q

Developing countries
Environmental characteristics
Access to food

A

Natural disasters have major impacts on the availability of food because people lack financial resources in emergency situations

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20
Q

Developing countries
Environmental characteristics
Adequate housing

A

People often live in substandard housing with poor ventilation

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21
Q

Who mortality strata

Child mortality

A 
A- very low
B- low
C-low
D-high
E-high
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22
Q

Who mortality strata

Adult mortality

A 
A- very low 
B-low
C-high
D-high
E-very high
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23
Q

Who mortality strata countries

A 
A- Australia--->developed
B-China--->either
C- Ukraine--->either
D-Pakistan--->developing
E-Kenya--->developing
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24
Q

Sustainability

A

Meet the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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25
Q

Human development

A
  • Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests.
  • It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living.
  • and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives
26
Q

HDI indicators

A

Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
Gross national income per capita

27
Q

HDI indicators

Life expectancy at birth

A

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of year of life remaining to a person, at birth, if death rates do not change.

28
Q

HDI indicators

Mean years of schooling

A

The average number of years of education achieved by those days aged 25 and over

29
Q

HDI indicators

Expected years of schooling

A

The number of years of education expected for a child of school entrance age

30
Q

HDI indicators

Gross national income per capita

A

The overall income of a country after expenses owing to another countries have been paid, divided by the population of the countr

31
Q

HDI Dimensions/areas

A

Health- life expectancy at birth
Education- mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling
Living standards- GNI per capita

32
Q

Human development index

A

A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries levels of social and economic development

33
Q

Health status

A

An individual’s or populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

34
Q

Morbidity

A

Refers to ill health in an individual or the levels of ill health in a population or group

35
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths in a population

36
Q

Burden of disease

A

Measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability

37
Q

Income

A

If a country has a low GDP and GNI then the government may not have money available to spend on services and infrastructure such as clean water, sanitation, education, health services and social security safety nets

38
Q

Income

Developing countries

A
  • higher rates of malnutrition-Reduced access to education results in lower literacy rates
  • lower literacy rates-A result of inability to afford nutritious foods leading to decreased immune function and increased risk of infections
39
Q

Income
Developing countries
Lower levels of literacy

A

Reduced access to education results in lower literacy rates

40
Q

Income

Australia

A

Everyone can pretty much make an income but it’s harder for sole parents, people living in rural and remote areas and people living with a disability

41
Q

Gender equality

Australia

A
  • Females experience most of the same opportunities as males
  • male gender roles can have a negative health effect on males resulting in higher rates of risk taking behaviour, smoking and violence
42
Q

Gender equality

Developing countries

A
  • gender inequalities impact women more than men
  • females only attend school for a short period of time, if that
  • married off young resulting in teenage pregnancies which also leads to infant and maternal mortality
43
Q

Factors on health status and human development

A

Income, gender inequalities, education, access to health care, global marketing, peace and political stability and physical environment

44
Q

Peace and political stability

Australia

A

Australia has a stable government and no conflict which contributes to out optimal health

45
Q

Peace and political stability

Developing countries

A
  • Many DC are experiencing war or civil conflict.
  • physical environments are destroyed due to war
  • access to food, water, health care, and sanitation are limited due to war.
  • all resulting in poverty
46
Q

Access to healthcare

Australia

A
  • accessible at little or no cost to all Australians due to our universal healthcare scheme Medicare.
  • this leads to low number of deaths from communicable disease and longer life expectancy
  • also have access to free immunisation.
47
Q

Access to healthcare

Developing countries

A
  • many DC don’t have enough money to spend on healthcare and this directly impacts on the health of a population.
  • poor access to trained health attendants during pregnancy contributes to infant and maternal mortality
48
Q

Education

Australia

A
  • Education is compulsory for all children ages 6-16

- the education system is funded by the government, enabling all SES groups the opportunity to educate their children

49
Q

Education

Developing countries

A
  • governments don’t fund money to provide schools
  • girls are less likely to attend school due to do estimated chores
  • poverty is also involved because girls are sent to work at young ages
50
Q

Physical environment

Australia

A
  • Well established and reliable water supply

- at times interruptions occur due to natural disasters

51
Q

Physical environment
Developing countries
Sections

A

Water and sanitation access, physical infrastructure, housing and climate change

52
Q

Physical environment
Developing countries
Water and sanitation access

A
  • many diseases are water borne and can result in the spread of diarrhoea, malaria, cholera and typhoid
  • often women have to trek long distances to collect water
53
Q

Physical environment
Developing countries
Physical infrastructure

A

-infrastructure is much poorer and is required to enable community access to food, water and electricity which are required for optimal health

54
Q

Physical environment
Developing countries
Housing

A

-I adequate housing such as water and sanitation, ventilation and indoor pollutants, heating and cooling, accidents and food storage leads to ill health

55
Q

Physical environment
Developing countries
Climate change

A
  • weather related natural disasters include drought, floods, fires and heat waves
  • rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, rising sea levels, air pollution and communicable diseases are effects of climate change
56
Q

Global marketing

A

Advertising and selling of goods and services all across the world

57
Q

Global marketing
Australia
Tobacco

A

-inventions such as the banning of tobacco advertising, packaging laws and increased taxation have successfully resulted in the reduction of smoking rates

58
Q

Global marketing
Developing countries
Tobacco

A
  • Tobacco use is growing fast in low income developing countries
  • children are being targeted by tobacco advertising and rates of children who smoke has increased
59
Q

Global marketing
Developing countries
Processed foods

A

-many people in developing countries have neglected their tradition diets which are usually low in fat for more energy dense foods

60
Q

Global marketing
Developing countries
Alcohol

A

-global alcohol consumption has increased mainly in developing countries due to target marketing

YEAR 12: HHD (6 decks)

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