Unit 3 outcome 1 Flashcards
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
YLD
The number of healthy years lost due to disease, illness or injury.
YLL
Years of life lost due to premature death
DALY disability adjusted life year
A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury
Life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
Health adjusted life expectancy HALE
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health In a population or group
Mortality rate
The number of deaths over a period of time
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Incidence
The rate at which a particular disease/condition occurs over a period of time
Health status
An individual’s or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
Under five mortality rates
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
Mortality
Deaths in a population
Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Dimensions of health
Physical health, mental health and social health
Physical health
Related to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Eg. Not being sick or injured
Mental health
State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
Eg. When stress levels are low, a person can relax
Social health
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Eg. Interactions with others make people happy
Determinants of health
Physical environment, biological, behavioural and social
Biological eg
Birth weight, body weight, glucose regulation, blood pressure levels, blood cholesterol levels, genetics(sex, hormones)
Biological determinant
Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and birth weight.
Body weight
Can impact on health and influence other biological determinants and therefore contribute to variations to health status between individuals and population groups
BMI
Weight (kgs)/ height 2 (m)
BMI classification
Under 18.5= underweight.
18.6-24.9= healthy.
25-29.9= overweight.
30+= obese
