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YEAR 12: HHD > Unit 3 outcome 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 outcome 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Burden of disease

A

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.

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2
Q

YLD

A

The number of healthy years lost due to disease, illness or injury.

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3
Q

YLL

A

Years of life lost due to premature death

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4
Q

DALY disability adjusted life year

A

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

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5
Q

Life expectancy

A

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

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6
Q

Health adjusted life expectancy HALE

A

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality

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7
Q

Morbidity

A

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health In a population or group

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8
Q

Mortality rate

A

The number of deaths over a period of time

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9
Q

Prevalence

A

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

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10
Q

Incidence

A

The rate at which a particular disease/condition occurs over a period of time

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11
Q

Health status

A

An individual’s or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

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12
Q

Under five mortality rates

A

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births

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13
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths in a population

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14
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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15
Q

Dimensions of health

A

Physical health, mental health and social health

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16
Q

Physical health

A

Related to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Eg. Not being sick or injured

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17
Q

Mental health

A

State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
Eg. When stress levels are low, a person can relax

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18
Q

Social health

A

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Eg. Interactions with others make people happy

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19
Q

Determinants of health

A

Physical environment, biological, behavioural and social

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20
Q

Biological eg

A

Birth weight, body weight, glucose regulation, blood pressure levels, blood cholesterol levels, genetics(sex, hormones)

21
Q

Biological determinant

A

Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and birth weight.

22
Q

Body weight

A

Can impact on health and influence other biological determinants and therefore contribute to variations to health status between individuals and population groups

23
Q

BMI

A

Weight (kgs)/ height 2 (m)

24
Q

BMI classification

A

Under 18.5= underweight.
18.6-24.9= healthy.
25-29.9= overweight.
30+= obese

25
Q

Obesity leads to..

A

High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, impaired glucose regulation, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and some cancers

26
Q

Blood pressure

A

A measure of the pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries.

27
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

Systolic- 120

Diastolic- 80 relax

28
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

29
Q

Hypertension blood pressure

A

Systolic-140

Diastolic-90

30
Q

Hypertension can lead to..

A

Cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure

31
Q

Risk factors leading to hypertension

A

Age, obesity, stress, smoking and lack of physical activity

32
Q

Behaviour egs

A

Risk taking behaviour, alcohol consumption, drug misuse, tobacco smoking, physical activity levels, dietary behaviours, sexual behaviours, vaccination behaviour

33
Q

Behavioural determinant

A

Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health such as, smoking etc

34
Q

Tobacco smoking

A

The number one preventable risk factor associated with health concerns such as CVD, respiratory conditions and ,any cancers

35
Q

Smoking causes..

A

The risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, atherosclerosis, mouth, lung and throat cancer

36
Q

Physical activity

A

When the body is moving

37
Q

Physical activity risk factors

A

Lack of weight bearing activities which increase the risk of osteoporosis

38
Q

Physical environment eg

A

Air quality, housing environment, work environment, urban design and infrastructure, climate and climate change

39
Q

Physical environment determinant

A

The physical surrounding in which we live work and play

40
Q

Housing

A

Ventilation and hygiene, design and safety, overcrowding, sleeping conditions, pollutants and security

41
Q

Inadequate housing can..

A

Increase rates of morbidity from infectious and chronic diseases.

42
Q

Work environment

A

The places where people work

43
Q

Outdoor workers

A

Exposed to UV Ray’s which can lead to skin cancer

Accidents and injuries due to heavy machinery and equipment

44
Q

Office workers

A

Constantly sitting down can lead to back problems and spending majority of the day being sedentary can lead to obesity therefore type 2 diabetes

45
Q

Social eg

A

Employment and unemployment, social exclusion and isolation, stress, socioeconomic status, food security, access to health care, early life experiences

46
Q

Social determinants

A

Aspects of society and the social environment that impact of health

47
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

Refers to a person’s position in society relative to others based on education, employment and income.

48
Q

People with a lower SES

A

Tend to be more likely to smoke and less likely to engage in physical activity

49
Q

Employment and unemployment

A

Can both be stressful
Employement- always working=cracks in relationships
Unemployment= no income and stress

YEAR 12: HHD (6 decks)

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