Unit 4 Outcome 1 Flashcards

Question

Measures of poverty

Answer 1

- those living on less than a certain amount per day (often US$1.25 a day). This is referred to as absolute/extreme poverty - those living on less than 50 per cent of their countries average income. This is referred to as relative poverty.

Answer 2

- in many developing countries, women have less power and control over resources than men - women may be last fed - women are expected to abide by their husbands or fathers conditions - gender norms

Answer 3

- physical environment can be destroyed, which can limit access to food and services such as health care. Water and sanitation facilities can also be destroyed - effects of conflict include physical injuries, higher maternal and infant mortality and increase in outbreaks of communicable diseases. I.e typhoid - can affect human development through breakdown or law and order, trade restrictions and economic turmoil, unemployment, disruption to education, human rights abuse

Answer 4

- being able to access health workers can assist in the prevention of disease (through immunisation and education) and can make available treatments for a range of conditions. - high levels of disease may prevent children from accessing education and developing to their full potential. - few countries have a universal health care scheme. - access to health care during pregnancy and childbirth is critical for the health of mothers and children.

Answer 5

- education promotes literacy which can lead to higher socio economic status including stable employment and income. This improves access to food, shelter and health care. - vulnerable groups are the most likely to lack access to education. I.e those who are disabled or sick. - educated women are more likely to have healthier children.

Answer 6

- access to water and sanitation (waterborne diseases, drownings) - housing (air pollution, accidents, food storage) - physical infrastructure (dangerous roads, bridges, malfunction of water) - reduced access to education - climate and climate change (rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, rising sea levels) people in developed countries generally have more secure homes. - communicable diseases such as malaria. - air pollution: increases as climate changes

Answer 7

- globalisation makes it easier for companies to market and sell their services and products in all corners of the globe. While some can be beneficial, such as pharmaceuticals, others can be detrimental such as tobacco, alcohol and processed foods.

Answer 8

- the laws, taxes, regulations and and public awareness campaigns are often non-existent in developing countries - developing countries tend to have rapid population growths and economies, which bring new wealth and a desire to be more like western cultures. - children and women have been heavily influenced - financial resources are often scarce, money is spent on tobacco and lees money for food, clothing education which impacts on standard of living.

Answer 9

- developing countries lack the resources to educate the population about alochol, control alcohol consumption and care for those suffering the negative effects associated with excessive drinking. - alcohol misuse can dominate people's lives, which decreases their opportunities for them to develop to their full potential and lead productive lives - less money to spend on food, clothing and shelter thus decreasing human development.

Answer 10

- companies producing processed foods market their products at developing countries. This causes them to neglect traditional diets which are often low in fat for diets that are high in fat, salt and sugar (westernised foods) and contribute to a more energy dense diet. - contributes to obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Answer 11

Developing countries experience high rates of malnutrition and other conditions associated with poverty in addition to high rates of conditions associated with wealth such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Quite often the effects of obesity and malnutrition exist side by side in the same community. - chronic disease impacts on human development. I.e people can't earn an income which reduces their standard of living.

Answer 12

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding people's choices and enhancing capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.