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BIOL 3100 > Unit 4: Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Unit 4: Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Organization of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS
PNS to afferent and efferent
Efferent to somatic and autonomic
Autonomic to sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

Parts of CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Parts of PNS

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexus in small intestine, sensory receptors in skin

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4
Q

Afferent system

A

Consists of nerve cells that carry electrical impulses towards to CNS from receptors (arriving to CNS)

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5
Q

Efferent system

A

Consists of nerve cells that carry electrical impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands (exiting CNS to PNS for action)

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6
Q

Somatic system

A

Motor nervous system: efferent neurons under voluntary control (ex brain sending message to skeletal muscle)

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7
Q

Autonomic system

A

Efferent neurons under involuntary control (ex brain sending message to smooth muscle)

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8
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Fight or flight
- increase HR
- vasoconstriction
- bronchodilation
- decrease peristalsis
- increased sweat glad secretion

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9
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

Rest and digest
- decrease HR
- increase peristalsis
- increase digestive juice secretion
- micturition reflex

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10
Q

Enteric division

A

The gut brain
- nuclei and plexuses (branching of nerves) within the digestive system that communicate among themselves (reflex arcs)
- coordinate peristaltic movements, segmentation, fluid exchange, blood flow, secretion of hormones
- also communicate extensively with CNS

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11
Q

Cell body

A

Holds the majority of the cellular organelles

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12
Q

Dendrite

A

Cytoplasmic processes conducting impulses toward to cell body
- short branched fibres
- receive signal

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13
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away from cell body
- single, long, process
- send signals

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14
Q

Neuroglia

A
  • glue between neurons
  • supporting and insulating cells between neurons
  • segregate and insulate neurons
    Promote health and growth
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15
Q

Formation of myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Schwann cells (PNS)

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16
Q

Organization of neurons in PNS

A

Groups of cell bodies = ganglia
Groups of axons = nerves

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17
Q

Organization of neurons in CNS

A

Groups of cell bodies = nuclei/gray matter
Group of axons = tract
Group of tracts - white matter

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18
Q

Location of gray and white matter

A

Spinal cord = white on outer edges, grey in centre
Brain = grey outer, white inner

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19
Q

Plexus

A

Branching network of interconnecting nerves
- spinal nerve plexus for movement
- autonomic plexus found in thorax, abdomen; regulates activity of visceral organs

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20
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 from brain:
- 10 from brain stem
- 1 from cerebrum
- 1 from thalamus
Types:
- 3 sensory
- 5 motor
- 4 mixed

21
Q

Structure of spinal cord

A

31 segments

22
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A

1) carries info
- sensory impulses from periphery to brain
- motor impulses from brain to periphery
2) integrating reflexes
- reflex centres
- passes a nerve impulse from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron

23
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Generates signals for movement of the body

24
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Processing afferent sensory and motor input necessary for skilled movement

25
Q

Striatum

A

Control of memory and retrieval

26
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Conscious control and proprioception and voluntary movement

27
Q

Substantia nigra pars reticula

A

Output of nuclei in basal ganglia, movement execution, dopamine release

28
Q

Substantia nigra pars compacta

A

Part of basal ganglia, how your brain controls body movements, affects learning, mood, judgement, and decision making

29
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay motor and sensory signals to cerebral cortex

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis regulation

31
Q

Cerebrum

A

Language, speech, reading, writing

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

Smooth and coordinated movements

33
Q

Pons

A

Unconscious process sleep wake cycle and breathing

34
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

HR, breathing, blood pressure

35
Q

Tectum

A

Visual and auditory reflexes

36
Q

Brain stem

A

Reflexes

37
Q

Trigeminal

A

Mastication
Sensory and motor

38
Q

Facial nerve

A
  • expression, parasympathetic innervation of glands of oral cavity and lacrimal glands, sensory fro tongue
  • motor (oral and lacrimal)
  • sensory (tongue)
39
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

-swallowing
- motor

40
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Regulation of internal organs
- sensory

41
Q

Spinal accessory nerve

A
  • provides motor control to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
  • motor
42
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A
  • tongue movement. Speak, swallow
  • motor
43
Q

Anterior horn of spinal cord

A
  • sends out motor signals to skeletal muscles
  • motor
44
Q

Lateral horn of spinal cord

A
  • sympathetic division
  • sensory
45
Q

Posterior horn of spinal cord

A

Sensory processing
- sensory

46
Q

Lateral column of spinal cord

A
  • from cerebral cortex to contact spinal motor neurons
  • motor
47
Q

Posterior colum of spinal cord

A
  • fine touch sensation, conscious, proprioception, vibration
  • sensory
48
Q

Ascending tracts of spinal cord

A
  • Carrie’s sensory info from the body to the brain
  • sensory
49
Q

Descending tracts of spinal cord

A
  • carries motor info from the brain to the body
  • motor

BIOL 3100 (6 decks)

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