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BIOL 3100 > Unit 1: Histology Quiz > Flashcards

Unit 1: Histology Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Define tissues

A

A group of specialized cells of common embryonic origin

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2
Q

Tissue cells and function

A

Cells share morphological features are arranged in a specific pattern to facilitate the tissue function

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3
Q

Types of tissues

A

1) connective
2) epithelial
3) muscle
4) nervous

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue definition

A

Covers exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands

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5
Q

Describe the function of epithelium forming protective barriers

A
  • covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and cavities
  • control permeability (selective barrier)
  • provide sensation
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6
Q

Describe the function of epithelium forming glands

A
  • produces important secretions ex. Mucous, hormones, and other substances
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7
Q

Label the epithelial tissue

A

A= cilia
B = muscles of goblet cell
C= pseudo-stratified epithelial layer
D = basement membrane

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8
Q

All epithelia have … and are ….

A

… free apical surface and attached basal surface
-> non-cellular basement membrane on which the epithelium sits
… avascular, but innervated, regenerative

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9
Q

Classification of epithelial tissue

A

By # of layers: simple (1 layer). Stratified (multi-layered), and pseudo-stratified (1 cell layer, but nucleus aren’t aligned)
By shape: squamous (flattened cells), cuboidal (cube shaped cells), columnar (column shaped cells)

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10
Q

Tissue type that are excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement

A

Muscle tissue

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11
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

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12
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • Involuntary
  • non-striated
  • associated with internal organs, glands, and blood vessels
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13
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • voluntary
  • striated
  • multinucleated
  • associated with bones of the skeleton
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14
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • striated
  • involuntary
  • branched rather than parallel fibres
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15
Q

Definition of connective tissue

A

Comprised of small # of cells and large amount of extra cellular material (matrix). Composition of matrix determines the characteristics of different types of connective tissue

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16
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A
  • fills internal spaces, bind tissues and organs together
  • provides support and strength to other tissues
  • protection and insulate internal organs
  • transport materials
  • provides immunity
  • stores energy as fat
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17
Q

Common components of connective tissue matrix

A

Will vary
- fibres to increase strength and flexibility
- white blood cells to prevent infection
- adipocyte cells that stores fat
- fluid and other molecules

18
Q

2 parts of extra cellular matrix

A

Ground substance:
- fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, or calcified
- supports and binds cells
Fibres:
- collagen
- reticular
- elastic

19
Q

Connective tissue cells

A

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Melanocytes
Leukocytes: macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells

20
Q

Classification of connective tissue

A

*based on cell type and what’s found in matrix
1. Embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme)
2. Mature connective tissue
- loose connective tissue
- dense connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular)
- dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic)
- cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrous)
- bone
- liquid (blood, lymph)

21
Q

Dense connective tissue

A
  • thicker and more dense collagen fibres than loose connective tissue
  • less cells vs loose connective tissue
  • resistance to stretching
  • ex tendons
22
Q

Regular dense connective tissue

A
  • collagen fibres in bundles that are regularly arranged (parallel)
    -> fibroblasts in rows between fibres
  • strength and resistance
  • forms tendons and ligaments
  • not all fibres parallel in ligaments
23
Q

Irregular dense connective tissue

A
  • random direction of collagen fibres and fibroblasts
    -> forms sheets (skin dermis, arterial walls, heart valves, covering of bone)
  • provides strength when forces are pulling from many different directions
24
Q

Elastic dense connective tissues

A
  • branching elastic fibres (minor collagen) and few fibroblasts
    ->lung tissue, blood vessels, trachea, bronchi
  • allows stretching of organs
25
Q

Cartilage

A
  • collagen fibres and elastic fibres embedded in a dense network
  • the only connective tissue with out blood vessels
  • gel like matrix
26
Q

Examples of cartilage

A
  • between vertebral discs, ear
  • ends of bones, trachea and lungs, nose (flexibility and support)
27
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrous, elastic

28
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A
  • most common
  • rib cage, nose, articular cartilage joints
29
Q

Fibrous cartilage

A
  • fibrocartilage
  • very tough due to thick bundles of collagen through the matrix
30
Q

Elastic cartilage

A
  • elastic fibres and collagen for strength and flexibility
  • in outer ear
31
Q

Functions of bone

A
  • support
  • protection of soft tissue
  • storage of calcium and phosphate
  • blood cell production in red bone marrow
  • fat storage in yellow bone marrow
32
Q

Types of bone tissue

A

Compact and spongy

33
Q

Compact bone structure

A
  • Osteon= concentric rings (lamellar) of calcified matrix, surrounding a vertically oriented blood vessel (haversion system)
  • osteocytes found in spaces called lacunae
  • osteocytes communicate through canaliculi filled with extra cellular fluid that connect 1 cell to another
34
Q

Spongy bone

A
  • less organized
  • lattice like structure of thin plates of bone (trabeculae) oriented along lines of stress
  • spaces found in the trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow
  • found in ends of long bones and inside flat bones
35
Q

Liquid connective tissue

A

Blood:
- liquid matrix containing different typed of cells, each with a different function
- red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
- contained in blood vessels
- transport and immunity

36
Q

Nervous tissue

A
  • nerve cells (neutrons) in a loose association forming nerve networks
  • 1 neutron contains a cell body, dendrites, and axons
  • carry info to and from brain and spinal cord
  • axons bundled in groups and cell bodies clustered together
37
Q

groups of axons and inside braind and spinal cors

A

white matter

38
Q

groups of cell bodies and inside brain and sponal cord

A

grey matter

39
Q

groups of axons and outside brain and spinal cord

A

nerves

40
Q

groups of cell bodies outside brain and spinal cord

A

ganglia (plural) ganglion (singular)

BIOL 3100 (6 decks)

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