Unit 2: Skeletal System Flashcards
what bones are in the axial skeleton?
skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
what bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
upper limbs, shoulder girdle, lower limbs, pelvic girdle
condyle definition
round knobs that form articulations with other bones
epicondyle definition
bony area on/above a condyle - area for muscle/ligament attachment
crest definition
prominent, raised edges of a bone
facet definition
flat, smooth area of the bone which serves as an articular surface
foreamen definition
holes/openings in a bone, usually through which nerves and blood vessels pass
fossa definition
depression in the bone surface which is often broad and shallow
linea definition
subtle, long, and narrow impression which distinguishes itself in elevation, colour, or texture from surrounding tissue
notch definition
indentations at edge of structure
process definition
bulging bony outgrowth of a larger bone
protuberance definition
swelling, bulging, or protruding parts of bone
spine definition
sharp, slender projection of the bone which is useful for attachment of muscles/ligaments
trochanter definition
only in femur, very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process of femur that serves as attachment point for muscles and ligaments
tubercle definition
small rounded prominence
tuberosity definition
larger rounded prominence, found in varying shapes and often rough in texture
fibrous joint
- dense fibrous connective tissue between bones
- little to no movement
- suture (skull), gomphosis (teeth), syndesmosis (tibula and fibula)
cartilaginous joint
- cartilage between bones
- little to no movement
- synchondroses (epiphyseal plate), symphyses (pubic symphysis)
structure of synovial joints
- spaces between articulating bones
- freely moveable (diathrotic)
gliding joint
- gliding movement
- intercarpal joints
- wrist
hinge joint
- flexion, extension
- angular movements
- elbow (humerus and radius)
pivot joint
- rotation
- atlas/axis, radio-ulnar joint (pronation/supination)
ellipsoid joint
- angular
- abduction, adduction, flexion, extension
- wrist (radiocarpal joint), metatarsophalangeal joints
saddle joint
- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
- angular
- thumb
ball and socket joint
- angular, rotation
- flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
- shoulder, hip
bones in thoracic cage
ribs, sternum
bones in pectoral girdle
scapula, clavicle
bones in pelvic girdle
illium, ischium, pubis
vertebral column
cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
bones in upper limbs
humerus, ulna, radius, carpals metacarpals, phalanges
bones in lower limbs
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, calcaneus, tarsal,, metatarsal, phalanges
bones in skull
frontal, occipital parietal, temporal, maxilla, mandible
label the rib
black - head
red - neck
green - angle
blue - body
label the rib
A - articular facet
B - tubercle
C - articular facet of tubercle
D - subclavian artery groove
E - subclavian vein groove
F - scalene tubercle
G - articulation site for costal cartilage
H - subclavius muscle groove
label the sternum
green - mandibrum
blue - body (gladiolus)
purple - xiphoid process
label the sternum
A - jugular notch
B - clavicular notch
C - 1st costal notch
D - sternal angle
label the thoracic cage
A - spinous process
B - transverse process
C - floating ribs 11-12
D - false ribs 8-10
E - true ribs 1-7
Label the Atlas
A - superior articular facet
B - superior articular process
C - transverse foreamen
D - vertebral foreamen
E - transverse process
label the axis
A - dens
B - transverse foramen
C - transverse process
D - vertebral foramen
E - vertebral arch
F - bifid spinous process
G - spinous process
H - inferior articular process
label the cervical vertebrae
A - body
B - transverse process
C - pedicle
D - superior articular process
E - inferior articular process
F - lamina
G - spinous process
H - vertebral foramen
I - transverse foramen
label the thoracic vertebrae
A - body
B - pedicle
C - superior articular process
D - transverse process
E - lamina
F - spinous process
G - vertebral foramen
label the lumbar vertebrae
A - inferior articular process
B - vertebral foramen
C - body
D - superior articular process
E - transverse process
F - inferior articular facet
label the anterior sacrum
A - sacral canal
B - base
C - sacral ala
D - apex of sacrum
E - transverse lines
F - sacral formina
label the coccyx
A - coccygeal cornu
B - CO1
C - CO2
D - CO3
E - CO4
label the posterior sacrum
A - lateral sacral crest
B - medial sacral crest
C - sacral cornu
D - lateral sacral crest
E - intermediate sacral crest
label the sacrum
A - body
B - sacral tuberosity
C - coccyx
D - coccygeal cornu
E - sacral cornu
F - medial sacral crest
label the vertebral column
A - cervical vertebrae 1-7
B - thoracic vertebrae 1-12
C - lumbar vertebrae 1-5
D - sacrum
E - coccyx
Label the bones of the pelvis (lateral view)
Grey - illium
Purple - pubis
Red - ischium
Label the lateral pelvis
A - iliac crest
B - anterior superior iliac spine
C - anterior inferior iliac spine
D - pubic symphysis (articular surface of pubis)
E - lesser sciatic notch
F - obturator foremen
G - ischial spine
H - acetabulum
I - greater sciatic notch
J - posterior inferior iliac spine
K - posterior superior iliac spine
Label the medial pelvis
A - iliac crest
B - posterior superior iliac spine
C - articular surface
D - posterior inferior iliac spine
E - greater sciatic notch
F - ischial spine
G - obturator foramen
H - acetabulum
I - articular surface of pubis
J - pubic symphysis
K - anterior inferior iliac spine
L - anterior superior iliac spine
Label the pelvis
A - pubic symphysis
B - pubic tubercle
C - pelvic brim
D - a terrier inferior iliac spine
Label the pelvis (inferior view)
A - pubic symphysis
B - acetabulum
C - articular surface
Red - ilium
Purple - ischium
Orange - pubis
Label the lower limbs
A - pelvis/pelvic girdle
B - femur
C - patella
D - tibia
E - fibula
F - calcaneus
G - tarsals
H - metatarsals
I - phalanges
Label the femur (anterior)
A - head
B - neck
C - lesser trochanter
D - diaphysis (shaft)
E - medial epicondyle
F - medial condole
G - intercondylar notch
H - lateral condole
I - lateral epicondyle
J - greater trochanter
Label the posterior femur
A - head
B - neck
C - lesser trochanter
D - medial epicondylitis
E - medial condole
F - intercondylar notch
G - lateral condole
H - lateral epicondyle
I - diaphysis (shaft)
J - lines aspersions
K - greater trochanter
Label the anterior tibia and fibula
A - lateral condole
B - head
C - neck
D - shaft
E - lateral malleolus
F - articular facet of lateral malleolus
G - articular facet of medial malleolus
H - medial malleolus
I - anterior crest
J - shaft
K - tibial tuberosity
L - medial condyle
Label the posterior tibia and fibula
A - medial condyle
B - shaft
C - medial malleolus
D - articular facet of medial malleolus of tibia
E - articular facet of lateral malleolus
F - lateral malleolus
G - fibular notch of tibia
H - shaft
I - neck
J - head
K - lateral condyle
Label the superior right foot
A - calcaneus
B - talus
C - tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
D - tarsals
E - metatarsals
F - proximal phalanges
G - middle phalanges
label the tarsals
Orange - cuboid bone
Yellow - navicular bone
Blue - lateral cuneiform bone
Pink - intermediate cuneiform bone
Green - medial cuneiform bone
Label the tarsals
Yellow - navicular bone
Blue - medial cuneiform bone
Orange - intermediate cuneiform bone
Pink - lateral cuneiform bone
Green - cuboid bone
Label the medial foot
A - calcaneal tuberosity
B - calcaneous
C - navicular bone
D - medial cuneiform bone
E - immediate cuneiform bone
F - talus head
G - talus
H - talus neck
Label the lateral foot
A - lateral cuneiform bone
B - tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone
C - cuboid bone
D - calcaneous
E - calcaneal tuberosity
F - talus
G - talus neck
H - talus head
I - navicular bone
Label the upper body
A - clavicle
B - scapula
C - humerus
D - radius
E - ulna
F - pectoral girdle
Label the anterior clavicle
A - sternal articular surface
B - sternal end
C - body of clavicle
D - acromial end
Label the posterior clavicle
A - eternal end
B - impression for costoclavicular ligament
C - groove for subclavian muscle
D - coronoid tubercle
E - trapezoid line
F - acromial facet
G - acromial end
Label the anterior scapula
A - acromion
B - coracoid process
C - supraglenoid fossa
D - glenoid fossa
E - infra glenoid tubercle
F - neck go scapula
G - inferior angle
H - subscapular fossa
I - superior angle
J - scapular notch
Label the posterior scapula
A - acromion
B - spine of scapula
C - scapular notch
D - supraspinatus fossa
E - root of spine of scapula
F - medial. Border
G - inferior angle
H - lateral border
I - infraspinous fossa
J - deltoid tubercle
K - spinoglendoid notch
L - acromial angle
Label the posterior scapula
A - clavicle
B - acromion
C - spine
D - scapula
Label the anterior humerus
A - head
B - neck
C - greater tubercle
D - shaft
E - deltoid tubercle
F - lateral supracondylar ridge
G - radial fossa
H - lateral epicondyle
I - trochlea
J - medial epicondyle
K - coronoid fossa
L - medial supracondylar ridge
Label the posterior humerus
A - head
B - neck
C - lesser tubercle
D - shaft
E - medial supracondylar ridge
F - olecranon fossa
G - medial epicondyle
H - trochlea
I - lateral epicondyle
J - lateral supracondylar ridge
K - deltoid tubercle
L - greater tubercle
Label the lateral ulna
A - olecranon
B - trochlear notch
C - radial notch
D - coracoid process
Label the anterior radius and ulna
A - coronoid process of ulna
B - ulnar tuberosity
C - ulnar notch
D - ulnar styloid process
E - radial styloid process
F - pronator tuberosity
G - radial tuberosity
H - neck of radius
I - radial head
Label the posterior radius and ulna
A - olecranon
B - ulnar notch
C - ulnar styloid process
D - dorsal tubercle
E - radial styloid process
Label the hand
A - distal phalange
B - middle phalange
C - proximal phalange
D - metacarpal
E - carpals
F - head
G - body
H - base
Label the carpals
Green - scaphoid
Light blue - lunate
Yellow - triquetrum
Orange - pisiform
Dark pink - trapezium
Red - trapezoid
Dark blue - capitate
Light pink - hamate
Label the bones of the skull
Green - frontal bone
Blue - greater wing of sphenoid
Yellow - temporal fossa
Orange - temporal bone
Pink - occipital bone
Purple - parietal bone
Label the sutures of the skull
A - pterion
B - coronal suture
C - squamous suture
D - lamboid suture
Label the skull
A - supercillary arch
B - nails on
C - nasal bone
D - greater wing of sphenoid
E - zygomatic bone
Label the skull
A - infraorbital foramen
B - maxilla
C - alveolar process of maxilla
D - alveolar process of mandible
E - mental foramen
F - mandible
Label the skull
Red - coronoid process of mandible
Green - ramus
Grey - angle of mandible
A - zygomatic arch
B - styloid process
C - external acoustic meatis
D - mastoid process of temporal bone
Label the skull
A - glabella of frontal bone
B - supercillary arch
C - supraorbital notch
D - naison
E - sphenoid bone
F - ethmoid bone
G - zygomatic bone
Label the nose
A - middle concha
B - nasal septum
C - inferior concha
D - piriform aperture
Label they skull
A - ramus
B - alveolar process of maxilla
C - alveolar process of mandible
D - mental foramen
E - mandibular symphysis
F - mental proturbance
G - mental tubercle
Label the occipital bone
A - external occipital protuberance
B - occipital condyle
C - hypoglossal canal
D - foramen magmum
