Unit 4: Nations In Competition Flashcards
King Leopold II
King of Belgium who wanted to control Congo by establishing a colony. Wanted to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity
Belgian Congo
Exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from trees
Caused many Congolese to die
Motives for imperialism
- more land
- resources
- promote a religion
- trade
- cheap labor
Tools of imperialism
- transportation: steamships, traveled faster, could travel in any direction, so could reach interior lands. Canals made it easier to trade. Railroads made it easier for militaries and colonial officials to get through countries, and distribute materials
- military: strong weapons that made European armies the strongest in the world
- communication: steamships reduced the time to deliver messages. Telegraphs made it faster to exchange messages
Boers/Afrikaners
Dutch settlers who gradually took Africans’ land and establishing large farms. British took over the Cape Colony permanently, and British and Boers clashed over land and slaves
Boer War
War between British and Boers. Boers used raids and guerilla tactics. British burned Boer farms and inprisoned women and children in concentration camps. Britian ultimately won
British East India Company
British government regulated company which established trading posts in the 1600s.
Sepoys
Indian soldiers serving under British command
Castes
Indian social system
What did Britian hope to gain from India?
- Wanted to run the economy on their own
- Wanted to produce raw materials for British manufacturing and to buy British goods
- Trade crops
What were negative effects of imperialism in India?
- Britian had a lot of economic and political control
- Restricted Indian-owned industries, which resulted in a loss of self-sufficienct for many villagers
- Famines due to giving away of crops
- British were racist, disregarded Indian religious and traditional ways
What were positive effects of imperialism in India?
- Created railroads to connect the country, which unified it
- Modernized the country, with telegraphs, telephones, bridges, dams, and canals
- Sanitation and public health improved
- Schools and colleges were founded, literacy inptoved
Sepoy Mutiny
Rebellion of Hindu and Muslum soldiers against British after they were forved to bite off riffle cartridges with beef and pork fat grease
Raj
British rule after India came under the British reign
Ram Mohun Roy
Modern-thinking Indian who started a campaign to move India away from traditional practices
Indian National Congress/Muslim league
Founded due to growing nationalism. Worked on speciific concerns for Indians
How were Europeans able to gain influence in China?
China was largely self-sufficient, and were able to resist trade offers from the West. Europeans were able to trade opium with China. because it was highly addictive
Opium War
War between China and Britain, when Chinese wanted Britain to stop selling opium, and Britain refused. Chinese lost due to inferior ships (the war was at sea)
Treaty of Nanjing
- Gave Britain Hong Kong
- Gave extraterritorial rights to foreign countries
Taiping Rebellion
Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty lead by Hong Xiuquan, who wanted to build “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” where people would share China’s wealth. Took control of southeastern China and organized a peasant army. Internal fighting and Qing army brought down rebellion
Dowager Empress Cixi
Committed to traditional values and supported some reforms. Wanted to better China’s educational program and set up factories
Open Door Policy
Proposed by US, syaing that China’s doors would be open to trade from all other nations
Boxer Rebellion
Poor peasants who resented foreigners special privilages, created a secret organization. Surrounded European part of Beijing and kept it under siege until they were defeated by a multinational army.
What were the effects of the Boxer Rebellion?
Created a strong sense of nationalism
Treaty of Kanagawa
Agreement between Japan and U.S. opened 2 Japanese ports to U.S. ships and let U.S. set up embassy
Mutshuhito
Japanese emperor who symbolized nationalism and pride of Japan. Modeled government after strong European nations and created reforms
Meiji Reforms
Reforms modeled after European countries which made Japan stronger and up to their level
Modernization in Japan
Adopted Germany’s strong centralized government and modeled their constitution. Created a stronger army and navy. Improved public education. Better industrialzation and transportation
Sino-Japanese War
War between China and Japan. China broke agreement of staying out of Korea when rebellions took place. Japan beat China and signed a peace treaty. Gave Japan Taiwan and neighboring islands, their first colonies
Russo-Japanese War
War between Russia and Japan, both were interested in Manchuria and Korea. Japan won
Annexation of Korea
Japan made Korea a protectorate, but soon had control of the government after emperor lost support for his rule. Spread Japanese influence
Sphere of Influence
foreign region where a nation has control over trade and other economic activities
Young Turks
Promoted reform, who wanted equality, suffrage, free public education, secularation. Inspired army coup that forced sultan to restore parliament and constitution. Eventually dethroned the sultan and put in a puppet sultan.
What contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
- Defeated by Russian and Austrian armies
- Were behind in technology
- Weak central government
- Lost territory
- Not much trade
