Unit 4: Nations In Competition

Question 1

King Leopold II

Answer 1

King of Belgium who wanted to control Congo by establishing a colony. Wanted to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity

Question 2

Belgian Congo

Answer 2

Exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from trees

Caused many Congolese to die

Question 3

Motives for imperialism

Answer 3

• more land
• resources
• promote a religion
• trade
• cheap labor

Question 4

Tools of imperialism

Answer 4

• transportation: steamships, traveled faster, could travel in any direction, so could reach interior lands. Canals made it easier to trade. Railroads made it easier for militaries and colonial officials to get through countries, and distribute materials
• military: strong weapons that made European armies the strongest in the world
• communication: steamships reduced the time to deliver messages. Telegraphs made it faster to exchange messages

Question 5

Boers/Afrikaners

Answer 5

Dutch settlers who gradually took Africans’ land and establishing large farms. British took over the Cape Colony permanently, and British and Boers clashed over land and slaves

Question 6

Boer War

Answer 6

War between British and Boers. Boers used raids and guerilla tactics. British burned Boer farms and inprisoned women and children in concentration camps. Britian ultimately won

Question 7

British East India Company

Answer 7

British government regulated company which established trading posts in the 1600s.

Question 8

Sepoys

Answer 8

Indian soldiers serving under British command

Question 9

Castes

Answer 9

Indian social system

Question 10

What did Britian hope to gain from India?

Answer 10

• Wanted to run the economy on their own
• Wanted to produce raw materials for British manufacturing and to buy British goods
• Trade crops

Question 11

What were negative effects of imperialism in India?

Answer 11

• Britian had a lot of economic and political control
• Restricted Indian-owned industries, which resulted in a loss of self-sufficienct for many villagers
• Famines due to giving away of crops
• British were racist, disregarded Indian religious and traditional ways

Question 12

What were positive effects of imperialism in India?

Answer 12

• Created railroads to connect the country, which unified it
• Modernized the country, with telegraphs, telephones, bridges, dams, and canals
• Sanitation and public health improved
• Schools and colleges were founded, literacy inptoved

Question 13

Sepoy Mutiny

Answer 13

Rebellion of Hindu and Muslum soldiers against British after they were forved to bite off riffle cartridges with beef and pork fat grease

Question 14

Raj

Answer 14

British rule after India came under the British reign

Question 15

Ram Mohun Roy

Answer 15

Modern-thinking Indian who started a campaign to move India away from traditional practices

Question 16

Indian National Congress/Muslim league

Answer 16

Founded due to growing nationalism. Worked on speciific concerns for Indians

Question 17

How were Europeans able to gain influence in China?

Answer 17

China was largely self-sufficient, and were able to resist trade offers from the West. Europeans were able to trade opium with China. because it was highly addictive

Question 18

Opium War

Answer 18

War between China and Britain, when Chinese wanted Britain to stop selling opium, and Britain refused. Chinese lost due to inferior ships (the war was at sea)

Question 19

Treaty of Nanjing

Answer 19

• Gave Britain Hong Kong

- Gave extraterritorial rights to foreign countries

Question 20

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 20

Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty lead by Hong Xiuquan, who wanted to build “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” where people would share China’s wealth. Took control of southeastern China and organized a peasant army. Internal fighting and Qing army brought down rebellion

Question 21

Dowager Empress Cixi

Answer 21

Committed to traditional values and supported some reforms. Wanted to better China’s educational program and set up factories

Question 22

Open Door Policy

Answer 22

Proposed by US, syaing that China’s doors would be open to trade from all other nations

Question 23

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 23

Poor peasants who resented foreigners special privilages, created a secret organization. Surrounded European part of Beijing and kept it under siege until they were defeated by a multinational army.

Question 24

What were the effects of the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 24

Created a strong sense of nationalism

Question 25

Treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 25

Agreement between Japan and U.S. opened 2 Japanese ports to U.S. ships and let U.S. set up embassy

Question 26

Mutshuhito

Answer 26

Japanese emperor who symbolized nationalism and pride of Japan. Modeled government after strong European nations and created reforms

Question 27

Meiji Reforms

Answer 27

Reforms modeled after European countries which made Japan stronger and up to their level

Question 28

Modernization in Japan

Answer 28

Adopted Germany’s strong centralized government and modeled their constitution. Created a stronger army and navy. Improved public education. Better industrialzation and transportation

Question 29

Sino-Japanese War

Answer 29

War between China and Japan. China broke agreement of staying out of Korea when rebellions took place. Japan beat China and signed a peace treaty. Gave Japan Taiwan and neighboring islands, their first colonies

Question 30

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 30

War between Russia and Japan, both were interested in Manchuria and Korea. Japan won

Question 31

Annexation of Korea

Answer 31

Japan made Korea a protectorate, but soon had control of the government after emperor lost support for his rule. Spread Japanese influence

Question 32

Sphere of Influence

Answer 32

foreign region where a nation has control over trade and other economic activities

Question 33

Young Turks

Answer 33

Promoted reform, who wanted equality, suffrage, free public education, secularation. Inspired army coup that forced sultan to restore parliament and constitution. Eventually dethroned the sultan and put in a puppet sultan.

Question 34

What contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 34

• Defeated by Russian and Austrian armies
• Were behind in technology
• Weak central government
• Lost territory
• Not much trade