End Of Empires Flashcards
India National Congress
An organization consisting of many prominent Hindus and Muslims, which first tried to collaborate with the British in order to get self rule. After the WWI, they opposed the British
Muslim League
Established with encouragement by the British government, worked towards Indian independence
Mohandas Ghandi
Prominent Hindu leader, who believed in nonviolent resistance
Satyagraha
Principles of passive resistance
India Act
Gave India the institutions of a self governing state. The act was unsuccessful because of the divide between Hindus and Muslims
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Head of the Muslim League. Warned that a unified India would be a threat to Muslims. Proposed the idea of having separate Hindu and Muslim states
Partition
Divided India in a Hindu and Muslim state
Pakistan
Muslim state
Salt March
Act of civil disobedience lead by Gandhi to protest British rule
The Republic
After the fall of the Qing empire, a republic was installed in 1912. The republic was not a stable government
Sun Yatsen
Prominent nationalist leader. Did not like the aspect of dictatorship under communism. Wanted to bring all of China under the national people’s party.
Chinese Communist Party
Thought a social revolution would help China’s problems
Mao Zedong
Early member of the CCP. Thought social revolution would help China.
Nationalist People’s Party/Guomindang
Sun Yatsen’s Party which he wanted to bring all of China under
Chiang Kai-Shek
Leader of the NPP after Yatsen’s death. Eventually turned against communist allies
Long March
The Red Army’s Journey to the a remote province in northern China. The March inspired many people to join communism. Mao Zedong emerged as a leader in the March
Five Year Plan
Designed to speed up economic development. Social reforms also resulted from the plan
Great Leap Forward
Way to overtake the industrial production of more developed nations. The plan was not successful
Cultural Revolution
Mao’s attempt to give revolutionary spirit to the people. People who differed in views became targets to death and persecution
Deng Xiaoping
China’s recovery after Mao’s death
Tiananmen Square
Protest lead by students against the cultural revolution
Apartheid
Segregation of whites and blacks in South Africa, giving whites racial supremacy
Afrikaner National Party
Dedicated to preventing black independence. Created a system of segregation, the apartheid
African National Congress
Minority group who wanted to resist white rule and inspired direct actions against the apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Leader of the ANC
Freedom Charter
Published by the ANC and outlined the ideal multiracial rule for South Africa
Sharpeville Massacre
As a response to the protests by blacks, police shot and killed many black demonstrators in Sharpeville
F.W. de Klerk
President of a South Africa whose party began to dismantle the apartheid. Released Mandela from jail, legalized the ANC and worked with Mandela to end white rule
Steve Biko
Anti-apartheid activist
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Aimed to restore South Africa after the apartheid by having blacks and whites speak their truths and forgive one another
Restorative Justice
Brings victims and oppressors together and identifies the harm that has been afflicted in attempt to prevent similar events from happening
Retributive Justice
Aims to give an appropriate punishment to the oppressor
