Unit 12: The Middle East

Question 1

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Answer 1

1916
Britain and France divided up the Middle East and Ottoman Empire into spheres of influence
In each sphere, each country decided if there should be direct or indirect administration
Britain and France had free trades of passage within each others zones

Question 2

League of Nations Mandate System

Answer 2

Allowed victors of WWII to divide Middle Eastern territories among themselves and have mandate power over the country

Question 3

Palestine Mandate

Answer 3

Britain took control of Palestine. After WWII, the US supported the Zionists. The US partitioned Palestine in 1947

Question 4

Gaza Strip

Answer 4

1948
Israel was attacked by Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, but the Zionist forces won. After the war, Israell controlled more land than was given to them by the UN. Egypt controlled the Gaza Strip

Question 5

West Bank

Answer 5

Jordan controlled the West Bank, which included East Jerusalem, leaving no land for Palestine

Question 6

First Arab-Israeli War/War of Independence 1948

Answer 6

Created many Arab refugees

Question 7

Six Day War

Answer 7

1967
Israel launched a strike against the Soviet air forces of Egypt and Syria, which started a six day war that changed the map of the Middle East. By the end of the war, Israel had control of the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights and the West Bank

Question 8

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Answer 8

Created by the Arab Summit to support the militant struggle of Palestinians to get back their homeland

Question 9

Camp David Accords

Answer 9

1979
US President Jimmy Carter helped organize Egyptian president, Anwar Sadwat and Israeli prime minister, Meachem Begin to make peace between an Arab and Israeli state. Egypt regained Sinai from Israel. The agreement was opposed by many Arabs

Question 10

First Intifada

Answer 10

1987-1993
Paletinian youth in the West Bank and Gaza Strip began attacking Israeli soldiers with stones. The violence the soldiers responded with undermined support for Israel across the world

Question 11

Hamas

Answer 11

militant Islamic group

Question 12

Oslo Peace Accords

Answer 12

After the USSR and US leadership broke up after the Gulf War, Washington mediated peace between Israeli prime minister and PLO chairman. Israel was recognized and the PLO gained control of the Gaza Strip and West Bank
The agreement made the final boarders of Israel and Palestine, Israeli settlements in the West Bank, Jerusalem as the capital, and the right of return by Palestinian refugees

Question 13

Second Intifada

Answer 13

Escalated the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, making it more violent

Question 14

Iranian Revolution

Answer 14

1977-1979
Overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Instated an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Kohmeini