UNIT 4: LO3 (Digestive System) Flashcards
What are gallstones?
Hard crystal particles that develop in gall bladder due to imbalance in composition of bile
What are the causes of gallstones?
- High cholesterol and bilirubin which often block bile duct
What are risk factors for gallstones?
- Obesity
- Condition that affects bile e.g. cirrhosis
- Having IBS or crohn’s disease
What are symptoms of gallstones?
- High temperature
- Jaundice
- Diarrhoea
- Persistent pain
What is coeliac disease?
Autoimmune disease where body has reaction to gluten, villi in small intestine become damaged and attack healthy cells
What are the adaptations of the small intestine walls for absorption of nutrients?
- Ileum has villi which increase SA (more nutrients absorbed)
- Villi contain blood capillaries and central vessel where nutrients enter via diffusion
What does the gall bladder do?
Stores most of bile until needed to digest fats
What is the order of the digestive system?
Stomach, liver, gall bladder, bile duct, pancreas, small intestine, appendix (lymph node), large intestine, rectum, anus.
What does the bile duct do?
Tube that carries bile from gall bladder to SI
What does the pancreas do?
Makes enzymes used by SI to neutralise chyme
What does the liver do?
Processes nutrients absorbed by SI and makes bile which breaks down fats (emulsification)
What is peristalsis?
Process of food being squeezed by muscles (in oestophagus)
What process occurs in the buccal cavity?
Mastication - when food chewed/grinded
Saliva produced - contains amylase which breaks down starch to sugars
What is secreted in the stomach?
- Protease - protein to amino acids
- Hydrochloric acid - destroy unwanted bacteria in food
- Mucus - stop juices digesting stomach itself
