Unit 4 List 1 Evolution LC

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

are features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

The study of the structure of a plant or animal

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

having descended from one ancestor.

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

a branch of biology dealing with embryos and their development.

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

the state of having the same or similar relation, relative position, or structure

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism.

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

A feature did a species inherits from an ancestor but is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth’s surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding.

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

the action or process of adapting or being adapted.

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

the activity or condition of competing

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

the condition of being physically fit and healthy.

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species.

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of the forms of things.

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

Question 32

phenotypic expression

Answer 32

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes.

Question 33

physiology

Answer 33

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 34

population

Answer 34

all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

Question 35

reproductive isolation

Answer 35

a set of barriers that exist between different species that make them unable to breed and produce healthy offspring.

Question 36

sexual selection

Answer 36

natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex

Question 37

speciation

Answer 37

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Question 38

species

Answer 38

a class of things of the same kind and with the same name

Question 39

trait

Answer 39

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.