Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity LC Flashcards
allele
one of two or more versions of DNA sequence
centromere
links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division.
chromatid
one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
chromosome
package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism
codon (chart)
identify which codons specify which amino acids
crossing over
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis).
daugher cell
cells that are formed after cell division.
deletion
a type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA.
diploid
two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair.
DNA
a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual
fertilization
the union of two gametes; egg and sperm join
frameshift
mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.
gamete
a reproductive cell of an animal or plant
gene
The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child
gene mutation
a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different.