Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity LC

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

one of two or more versions of DNA sequence

Question 2

centromere

Answer 2

links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division.

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism

Question 5

codon (chart)

Answer 5

identify which codons specify which amino acids

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis).

Question 7

daugher cell

Answer 7

cells that are formed after cell division.

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

a type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA.

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual

Question 11

fertilization

Answer 11

the union of two gametes; egg and sperm join

Question 12

frameshift

Answer 12

mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.

Question 13

gamete

Answer 13

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 15

gene mutation

Answer 15

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different.

Question 16

genetic code

Answer 16

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.

Question 17

generic variation

Answer 17

the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population.

Question 18

haploid

Answer 18

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

Question 19

homologous chromosome

Answer 19

pairs of chromosomes originating from each parent.

Question 20

independent assortment

Answer 20

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Question 23

meiosis I

Answer 23

a type of cell division unique to germ cells,

Question 24

meiosis II

Answer 24

a mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis I.

Question 25

monosomy

Answer 25

the absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes

Question 26

mutagen

Answer 26

Anything that causes a mutation (a change in the DNA of a cell)

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

the failure of the chromosomes to separate

Question 29

offspring

Answer 29

the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction.

Question 30

parent cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells

Question 31

point mutation

Answer 31

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide

Question 32

replication

Answer 32

the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

Question 33

sexual reproduction

Answer 33

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 34

somatic cell

Answer 34

the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

Question 35

substitution

Answer 35

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.

Question 36

trisomy

Answer 36

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body's cells.

Question 37

trait

Answer 37

a specific characteristic of an individual.