Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity LC Flashcards
adenine
A chemical compund that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This is a purine that connects with thymine.
amino acid
The building block of a protein
anticodon
a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a tRNA molocule
cell types
the basic functional units of an organism
cell differentation
the process of cells becomong more specalized
chromosomes
A structure found inside of the nucleus of a cell
codon
a three letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA
cytoplasm
The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell’s nucleus
cytosine
a chemical compund that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA this is a pyrimidine that connects to guanine.
deoxyribose
a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molocule.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
a molocule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.
double helix
a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA
endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
rough- a cellular organelle composed of many folds of tissues and channels.
smooth- an organnele found in both aninmal cells and plant cells
enzyme
a substance produced by a living organism wich acts as a cytalist to bring about a specfic bio chemical.
gene
a basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child
golgi apparatus
a stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm. it prepares proteins and lipid molocules.
guanine
a chemical compud that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This is a purine that connects to cytosine.
hydrogen bond
an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds
mRNA
messenger RNA that carrys genetic information needed to make proteins.
mutation
a change in the usual DNA sequence at a particular gene locus. can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral.
nitrogenous base
a molocule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical proterties of a base.
nuclear membrane
a double layer tthat encloses the cells nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.
nucleic acid
large biomolocules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. They store DNA
nucleotide
the building blocks for Nucleic acids.
nucleus
the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes
peptide bond
an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking 2 consecutive alpha-amino acids crom C1 (carbon 1) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen 2) of another, along a peptide or protein chain
phosphate group
a phosphourus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.
polypeptides
a substance that contains many amino acids
protein synthesis
the process that cells use to create proteins.
ribose
an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.
ribosome
a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins. these help link amino acids together to form proteins.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.
rRNA
a type of non-coding ribosomal RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells.
start codon
the position at which protein translation of the mRNA into a peptide begins
stop codon
a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.
thymine
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA. This is a pyrimidine that connects to adinine.
transcription
the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.
translation
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)
tRNA
is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. transfer RNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation
uracil
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.
vesicle
a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
