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Bio H Lydia Carlson > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity LC > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity LC Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenine

A

A chemical compund that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This is a purine that connects with thymine.

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2
Q

amino acid

A

The building block of a protein

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3
Q

anticodon

A

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a tRNA molocule

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4
Q

cell types

A

the basic functional units of an organism

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5
Q

cell differentation

A

the process of cells becomong more specalized

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6
Q

chromosomes

A

A structure found inside of the nucleus of a cell

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7
Q

codon

A

a three letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell’s nucleus

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9
Q

cytosine

A

a chemical compund that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA this is a pyrimidine that connects to guanine.

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10
Q

deoxyribose

A

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molocule.

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11
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

a molocule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.

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12
Q

double helix

A

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

A

rough- a cellular organelle composed of many folds of tissues and channels.
smooth- an organnele found in both aninmal cells and plant cells

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14
Q

enzyme

A

a substance produced by a living organism wich acts as a cytalist to bring about a specfic bio chemical.

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15
Q

gene

A

a basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

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16
Q

golgi apparatus

A

a stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm. it prepares proteins and lipid molocules.

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17
Q

guanine

A

a chemical compud that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. This is a purine that connects to cytosine.

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds

19
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA that carrys genetic information needed to make proteins.

20
Q

mutation

A

a change in the usual DNA sequence at a particular gene locus. can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral.

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

a molocule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical proterties of a base.

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

a double layer tthat encloses the cells nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

23
Q

nucleic acid

A

large biomolocules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. They store DNA

24
Q

nucleotide

A

the building blocks for Nucleic acids.

25
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

26
Q

peptide bond

A

an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking 2 consecutive alpha-amino acids crom C1 (carbon 1) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen 2) of another, along a peptide or protein chain

27
Q

phosphate group

A

a phosphourus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

28
Q

polypeptides

A

a substance that contains many amino acids

29
Q

protein synthesis

A

the process that cells use to create proteins.

30
Q

ribose

A

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

31
Q

ribosome

A

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins. these help link amino acids together to form proteins.

32
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

33
Q

rRNA

A

a type of non-coding ribosomal RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells.

34
Q

start codon

A

the position at which protein translation of the mRNA into a peptide begins

35
Q

stop codon

A

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

36
Q

thymine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA. This is a pyrimidine that connects to adinine.

37
Q

transcription

A

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

38
Q

translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

39
Q

tRNA

A

is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. transfer RNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation

40
Q

uracil

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

41
Q

vesicle

A

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

Bio H Lydia Carlson (7 decks)

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