Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity LC Flashcards
cellular division
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells
egg cell
the female reproductive cell
epigenetic
how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
fertilization
The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.
genome
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.
Inherited traits
the traits or characteristics that are transferred from parents to the offspring, genetically.
Multicellular organism
an organism that is made of many cells, such as plants, animals or fungi.
sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
sperm cell
The male reproductive cell
autosomal
Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells
complete dominance
a form of dominance where the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous conditions.
dihybrid cross
a breeding experiment between two organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits.
F1 (first filial)
the first generation of offspring
F2 (second filial)
the result of a cross between two F1 individuals
genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
genotypic ratio
the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross,
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
monohybrid cross
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.
P (parental) generation
the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment.
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
phenotypic ratio
a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.
polygenic inheritance
the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes
population
all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.
ratio
a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another
variation
the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors
