Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity LC

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

the traits or characteristics that are transferred from parents to the offspring, genetically.

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism that is made of many cells, such as plants, animals or fungi.

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a form of dominance where the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous conditions.

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a breeding experiment between two organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits.

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

the first generation of offspring

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross,

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 17

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations.

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.

Question 21

P (parental) generation

Answer 21

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment.

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes

Question 25

population

Answer 25

all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors