Unit 4 List 1 Evolution

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides.

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

features or structures that are similar in function but not totally the same

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the structure associated with the human body

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

passing traits from parent to offspring

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field.

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

the record of fossils

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

the state of having the same or similar relation, relative position, or structure

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

structures that are no longer used but still present

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

layers of sediment

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

how an animal adapts to its enviorment

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

how an animal behaves

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

when 2 or more animals fight or so on for food or so on

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

the condition of being physically fit and healthy

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

the variation in genes

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of the forms of things.

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

the selection of the best animal through nature

Question 32

phenotypic expression

Answer 32

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes.

Question 33

physiology

Answer 33

the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 34

population

Answer 34

the amount of organisms

Question 35

reproductive isolation

Answer 35

a set of barriers that exist between different species that make them unable to breed and produce healthy offspring

Question 36

sexual selection

Answer 36

natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex.

Question 37

speciation

Answer 37

speciation

Question 38

species

Answer 38

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes

Question 39

trait

Answer 39

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.