Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

is the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

Conception (or fertilization) is

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

traits from your parents

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells.

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the action and cycle of reproduction

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

male sex cell

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

*first filial

Answer 13

F1 stands for Filial 1, the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions *

Answer 17

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.”

Question 21

P (parental) generation

Answer 21

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment.

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

s a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes

Question 25

population

Answer 25

the number of people in a single area.

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

shows how many times one number contains another

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.