unit 3 list 2 dan and heredity

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Question 2

centromere

Answer 2

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

Question 4

codon (chart) *

Answer 4

shows all of the possible three letter combinations of mRNA nucleotides, and for which amino acid each combination codes for.

Question 4

crossing over *

Answer 4

the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

Question 4

daughter cell *

Answer 4

the cells that are formed after cell division

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 5

deletion

Answer 5

the removal or obliteration of written or printed matter, especially by drawing a line through it.

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair

Question 7

frameshift

Answer 7

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

Question 7

gene mutation *

Answer 7

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something differen

Question 7

fertilization

Answer 7

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Question 8

gamete

Answer 8

a reproductive cell of an animal or plan

Question 8

genetic variation *

Answer 8

the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

in informal use) a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 9

genetic code *

Answer 9

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.

Question 9

independent assortment *

Answer 9

the alleles or genes that sort into the newly formed gametes independently of one another

Question 10

homologous chromosome *

Answer 10

made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci

Question 10

haploid

Answer 10

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes.

Question 11

insertion

Answer 11

the action of inserting something.

Question 12

meiosis

Answer 12

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Question 13

meiosis I *

Answer 13

a type of cell division unique to germ cells,

Question 14

meiosis II *

Answer 14

the second division in meiosis in which chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells

Question 14

monosomy

Answer 14

the absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes

Question 15

mutation

Answer 15

the action or process of mutating

Question 15

mutagen

Answer 15

an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, which causes genetic mutation.

Question 16

offspring

Answer 16

a person's child or children.

Question 16

nondisjunction

Answer 16

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.

Question 17

parent cell *

Answer 17

A cell that is the source of other cells,

Question 18

point mutation *

Answer 18

a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.

Question 19

replication

Answer 19

the action of copying or reproducing something.

Question 20

sexual reproduction *

Answer 20

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).

Question 20

somatic cell *

Answer 20

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Question 21

substitution

Answer 21

A substitution is a syntactic transformation on formal expressions.

Question 22

trisomy

Answer 22

the affected person has three copies of one of the chromosomes instead of two.

Question 22

trait

Answer 22

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.