Unit 4 List 1- Evolution

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

The arrangement of amino acids in a protein

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

similar physical features in organisms that do not share a common ancestor

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the study of structures of living things

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

includes DNA, RNA, and protein sequence comparisons

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

The study of the geographic distribution of living things

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

a diagram that shows relationships between species

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

passing traits from parent to offspring

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called “bases” - that make up the DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

the movement of electrically charged particles in a fluid under the influence of an electric field

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

an unborn baby

Question 12

evolutionary tree

Answer 12

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

The study of the embryo’s formation and development

Question 13

fossil record

Answer 13

the collection of fossils in the Earth’s crust and their placement in chronological order

Question 14

homologous structure

Answer 14

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor

Question 14

homology

Answer 14

Features inherited from common ancestors

Question 15

paleontology

Answer 15

the study of ancient life

Question 16

phenotypic similarity

Answer 16

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Question 17

phylogeny

Answer 17

the study of relationships among different groups of organisms and their evolutionary development

Question 18

phylogenetic tree

Answer 18

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 19

vestigial structures

Answer 19

Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor

Question 20

sedimentary layers

Answer 20

formed when layers and layers of sediment get compressed together and eventually harden into rock

Question 21

adaptation

Answer 21

special body parts or behaviors that help a living thing survive in an environment

Question 22

behavior

Answer 22

how one conducts themselves

Question 23

competition

Answer 23

the act or process of trying to get or win something

Question 24

fitness

Answer 24

the ability to perform daily tasks with ease

Question 25

geographic isolation

Answer 25

a physical separation of populations

Question 25

gene pool

Answer 25

the combination of all the genes

Question 26

genetic variation

Answer 26

differences among the genomes of members of the same species

Question 27

morphology

Answer 27

he study of meaningful units of language

Question 28

phenotypic expression

Answer 28

the observable characteristics in an organism

Question 28

natural selection

Answer 28

organisms have adaptations that make them better able to live in their environment

Question 29

physiology

Answer 29

the study of their function

Question 30

reproductive isolation

Answer 30

the inability of a species to breed successfully

Question 30

population

Answer 30

the number of people living in a certain place

Question 31

sexual selection

Answer 31

“special case” of natural selection

Question 32

speciation

Answer 32

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Question 32

species

Answer 32

the most detailed form of classification of living things

Question 32

trait

Answer 32

a quality that sets one person or thing off from another

Question 33

Coevolution

Answer 33

used to describe cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.

Question 34

Convergent evolution

Answer 34

occurs when organisms that aren't closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems

Question 35

Divergent evolution

Answer 35

the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups

Question 36

Founder effect

Answer 36

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population

Question 37

Gene flow

Answer 37

the movement of genes from one population to another population

Question 38

Gene frequency

Answer 38

the ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles at its genetic locus

Question 39

Gene pool

Answer 39

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

Question 40

Genetic drift

Answer 40

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Question 41

Geologic record

Answer 41

the entirety of the layers of rock strata