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Biology Caroline Davis > Unit 4 List 1- Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1- Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

amino acid sequencing

A

The arrangement of amino acids in a protein

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2
Q

analogous structure

A

similar physical features in organisms that do not share a common ancestor

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3
Q

anatomy

A

the study of structures of living things

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4
Q

biochemical evidence

A

includes DNA, RNA, and protein sequence comparisons

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5
Q

biogeography

A

The study of the geographic distribution of living things

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6
Q

cladogram

A

a diagram that shows relationships between species

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7
Q

common ancestry

A

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

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8
Q

descent with modification

A

passing traits from parent to offspring

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called “bases” - that make up the DNA molecule

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10
Q

electrophoresis

A

the movement of electrically charged particles in a fluid under the influence of an electric field

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11
Q

embryo

A

an unborn baby

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12
Q

evolutionary tree

A

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent

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12
Q

embryology

A

The study of the embryo’s formation and development

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13
Q

fossil record

A

the collection of fossils in the Earth’s crust and their placement in chronological order

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14
Q

homologous structure

A

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor

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14
Q

homology

A

Features inherited from common ancestors

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15
Q

paleontology

A

the study of ancient life

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16
Q

phenotypic similarity

A

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

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17
Q

phylogeny

A

the study of relationships among different groups of organisms and their evolutionary development

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18
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

19
Q

vestigial structures

A

Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor

20
Q

sedimentary layers

A

formed when layers and layers of sediment get compressed together and eventually harden into rock

21
Q

adaptation

A

special body parts or behaviors that help a living thing survive in an environment

22
Q

behavior

A

how one conducts themselves

23
Q

competition

A

the act or process of trying to get or win something

24
Q

fitness

A

the ability to perform daily tasks with ease

25
Q

geographic isolation

A

a physical separation of populations

25
Q

gene pool

A

the combination of all the genes

26
Q

genetic variation

A

differences among the genomes of members of the same species

27
Q

morphology

A

he study of meaningful units of language

28
Q

phenotypic expression

A

the observable characteristics in an organism

28
Q

natural selection

A

organisms have adaptations that make them better able to live in their environment

29
Q

physiology

A

the study of their function

30
Q

reproductive isolation

A

the inability of a species to breed successfully

30
Q

population

A

the number of people living in a certain place

31
Q

sexual selection

A

“special case” of natural selection

32
Q

speciation

A

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

32
Q

species

A

the most detailed form of classification of living things

32
Q

trait

A

a quality that sets one person or thing off from another

33
Q

Coevolution

A

used to describe cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.

34
Q

Convergent evolution

A

occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems

35
Q

Divergent evolution

A

the process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups

36
Q

Founder effect

A

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population

37
Q

Gene flow

A

the movement of genes from one population to another population

38
Q

Gene frequency

A

the ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles at its genetic locus

39
Q

Gene pool

A

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

40
Q

Genetic drift

A

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

41
Q

Geologic record

A

the entirety of the layers of rock strata

Biology Caroline Davis (7 decks)

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