Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can make its own food by synthesizing organic nutrients from inorganic materials, using energy from sunlight or a chemical source to drive the process.

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

the first stage of photosynthesis

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

a green pigment (natural color) found in many plants

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process in which green plants use sunlight to make their own food

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

the second half of photosynthesis that is carried out by all plants, some algae and a few bacteria

Question 6

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 6

A chemical change in animal and vegetable matter brought about by microscopic yeasts, bacteria, and molds

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

The series of steps by which electrons flow to oxygen permits a gradual lowering of the energy of the electrons

Question 7

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 7

a gel-like material in the mitochondrion, or organelle that performs the process of aerobic respiration, that contains ribosomes resembling those of bacteria

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

exchanging two gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

A chemical change in animal and vegetable matter brought about by microscopic yeasts, bacteria, and molds

Question 10

NAD+

Answer 10

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 11

Glycolysis

Answer 11

glucose splitting

Question 12

ADP

Answer 12

a compound formed in living cells that reacts to form ATP

Question 13

Pigment

Answer 13

a substance that gives color to other materials

Question 14

Granum

Answer 14

one of the stacks of chlorophyll-containing material in plant chloroplasts

Question 15

Stomata

Answer 15

allow gas exchange and regulate water loss

Question 15

Heterotrophs

Answer 15

organisms that can’t make their own food and so must get energy by eating plants and animals to survive

Question 16

Carbon Fixation

Answer 16

the process by which plants fix atmospheric carbon to form organic compounds

Question 17

NADH

Answer 17

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)

Question 17

Thylakoids

Answer 17

a disk-shaped, membranous sac containing chlorophyll, in which the light reaction of photosynthesis occurs, found in blue-green algae and in the chloroplasts of green plants

Question 18

Carotenoids

Answer 18

pigments that give yellow and orange colors, sometimes red, synthesized by plants

Question 19

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 19

occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration

Question 20

Cellular respiration

Answer 20

the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions

Question 21

Krebs cycle

Answer 21

a series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP

Question 22

Pyruvic acid

Answer 22

an acid that can be formed from either glucose or glycogen and is an important chemical in the production of energy from food in animals

Question 23

Citric acid

Answer 23

a pleasantly sour-tasting organic acid obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by the chemical breakdown of sugars and used as a flavoring

Question 24

ATP

Answer 24

the form of energy your body cells use to do their work