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Biology Caroline Davis > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenine

A

one of the bases which make up the genetic code of DNA and RNA

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2
Q

amino acid

A

the building blocks of proteins

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3
Q

anticodon

A

a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence

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4
Q

cell types

A

plant cells and animal cells

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5
Q

cell differentiation

A

how generic embryonic cells become specialized cells

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6
Q

chromosome

A

thread-like strands that contain hundreds, or even thousands, of genes

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7
Q

codon

A

a three-letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

a watery, gel-like substance made of mostly salt and water that provides a structure for the cell parts so they can move freely within the cell membrane

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9
Q

cytosine

A

a chemical base that is a pyrimidine and codes genetic information in DNA and RNA

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10
Q

deoxyribose

A

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

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11
Q

DNA

A

the genetic information inside the cells of the body that helps make people who they are

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12
Q

double helix

A

the arrangement in space of DNA that resembles a spirally twisted ladder with the sides made up of the sugar and phosphate units of the two nucleotide strands and the rungs made up of the pyrimidine and purine bases extending into the center and joined by hydrogen bonds.

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a collection of tubes that make, package, and transport proteins and fats

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14
Q

enzyme

A

important substances made by the cells of plants and animals

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15
Q

gene

A

Genes carry the information that determines your traits

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

an organelle that acts as the packaging center of the cell

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17
Q

guanine

A

a purine base that codes genetic information in DNA and RNA

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

the electromagnetic attraction between polar molecules in which hydrogen is bound to a larger atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen

19
Q

mRNA

A

a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis

20
Q

mutation

A

a mistake or a change in a living thing’s DNA

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

a two-layered structure that protects the nucleus, keeps DNA separate from the rest of the cell and manages what materials enter the nucleus

23
Q

nucleic acid

A

large molecules used by living organisms to code for specific characteristics

24
Q

nucleotide

A

any of the basic units of structure of DNA or RNA that consist of a base

25
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

26
Q

peptide bond

A

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

27
Q

phosphate group

A

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

28
Q

polypeptides

A

a string of amino acids connected together by peptide bonds

29
Q

protein synthesis

A

making protein

30
Q

ribose

A

a sugar that has five carbon atoms and five oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA

31
Q

ribosome

A

a small organelle involved in the process of making protein

32
Q

RNA

A

a copy, or a transcription, of DNA

33
Q

rRNA

A

an essential building block of the ribosome

34
Q

start codon

A

the first-translated codon in an mRNA sequence, that marks the starting point for protein synthesis

35
Q

stop codon

A

a codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

36
Q

thymine

A

a pyrimidine base that is one of the bases coding hereditary information in DNA

37
Q

transcription

A

the process of copying DNA’s instructions for protein building to an RNA molecule

38
Q

translation

A

to turn into one’s own or another language

39
Q

tRNA

A

a relatively small RNA molecule that functions in the transfer of a particular amino acid to a growing protein at the site of protein synthesis during genetic translation

40
Q

uracil

A

a pyrimidine base that is one of the four bases coding hereditary information in RNA

41
Q

vesicle

A

a small cavity, cyst, or blister usually filled with fluid

Biology Caroline Davis (7 decks)

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