Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

one of the bases which make up the genetic code of DNA and RNA

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

the building blocks of proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

plant cells and animal cells

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

how generic embryonic cells become specialized cells

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

thread-like strands that contain hundreds, or even thousands, of genes

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

a three-letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

a watery, gel-like substance made of mostly salt and water that provides a structure for the cell parts so they can move freely within the cell membrane

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

a chemical base that is a pyrimidine and codes genetic information in DNA and RNA

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the genetic information inside the cells of the body that helps make people who they are

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

the arrangement in space of DNA that resembles a spirally twisted ladder with the sides made up of the sugar and phosphate units of the two nucleotide strands and the rungs made up of the pyrimidine and purine bases extending into the center and joined by hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a collection of tubes that make, package, and transport proteins and fats

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

important substances made by the cells of plants and animals

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

Genes carry the information that determines your traits

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

an organelle that acts as the packaging center of the cell

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

a purine base that codes genetic information in DNA and RNA

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction between polar molecules in which hydrogen is bound to a larger atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

a mistake or a change in a living thing’s DNA

Question 21

nitrogenous base

Answer 21

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Question 22

nuclear membrane

Answer 22

a two-layered structure that protects the nucleus, keeps DNA separate from the rest of the cell and manages what materials enter the nucleus

Question 23

nucleic acid

Answer 23

large molecules used by living organisms to code for specific characteristics

Question 24

nucleotide

Answer 24

any of the basic units of structure of DNA or RNA that consist of a base

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 27

phosphate group

Answer 27

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

polypeptides

Answer 28

a string of amino acids connected together by peptide bonds

Question 29

protein synthesis

Answer 29

making protein

Question 30

ribose

Answer 30

a sugar that has five carbon atoms and five oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

a small organelle involved in the process of making protein

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

a copy, or a transcription, of DNA

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

an essential building block of the ribosome

Question 34

start codon

Answer 34

the first-translated codon in an mRNA sequence, that marks the starting point for protein synthesis

Question 35

stop codon

Answer 35

a codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

Question 36

thymine

Answer 36

a pyrimidine base that is one of the bases coding hereditary information in DNA

Question 37

transcription

Answer 37

the process of copying DNA's instructions for protein building to an RNA molecule

Question 38

translation

Answer 38

to turn into one's own or another language

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a relatively small RNA molecule that functions in the transfer of a particular amino acid to a growing protein at the site of protein synthesis during genetic translation

Question 40

uracil

Answer 40

a pyrimidine base that is one of the four bases coding hereditary information in RNA

Question 41

vesicle

Answer 41

a small cavity, cyst, or blister usually filled with fluid