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Biology > Unit 4 List 1 Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1 Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino Acid Sequencing

A

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

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2
Q

Analogous Structure

A

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

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3
Q

Biochemical Evidence

A

the amino acid sequence of proteins) to establish how organisms have evolved.

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4
Q

Bio geography

A

the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time

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5
Q

Cladogram

A

diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”.

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6
Q

Common Ancestry

A

an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages

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7
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of a plant or animal.

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8
Q

Descent with modifications

A

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

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10
Q

Electrophoresis

A

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

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11
Q

Embryo

A

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother

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12
Q

Embryology

A

the study of the embryo and its development from a single-celled zygote (fertilized ovum) to the establishment of form and shape

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13
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

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14
Q

Fossil Record

A

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

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15
Q

Homologous structure

A

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms.

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16
Q

homology

A

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

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17
Q

paleontology

A

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

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18
Q

phenotypic similarity

A

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

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19
Q

Phylogeny

A

the evolutionary history of a kind of organism

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20
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor

21
Q

vestigial structures

A

features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution

22
Q

sedimentary layers

A

distinct strata of sediment that have accumulated over time, forming the Earth’s crust and providing a record of geological history

23
Q

adaption

A

the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment

24
Q

behavior

A

the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus

25
Q

competition

A

the rivalry between or among living things for territory, resources, goods, mates, etc

26
Q

fitness

A

is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success. It is also equal to the average contribution to the gene pool

27
Q

gene pool

A

refers to the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

28
Q

genetic variation

A

the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species

29
Q

geographic isolation

A

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

30
Q

morphology

A

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

31
Q

natural selection

A

process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype

32
Q

phenotypic expression

A

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes

33
Q

physiology

A

is the study of how the human body works. It describes the chemistry and physics behind basic body functions.

34
Q

population

A

the whole number of inhabitants occupying an area

35
Q

reproductive isolation

A

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences.

36
Q

Sexual selection

A

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

37
Q

Speciation

A

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created.

38
Q

species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

39
Q

trait

A

a specific characteristic of an individual

40
Q

Coevolution

A

the process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species or among groups of species as they interact with one another

41
Q

Convergent evolution

A

occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems

42
Q

Divergent evolution

A

represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period.

43
Q

Founder effect

A

the reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony

44
Q

Gene flow

A

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

45
Q

Gene Frequency

A

the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage.

46
Q

Gene pool

A

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

47
Q

Genetic Drift

A

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

48
Q

Geologic Record

A

a standard time scale that partitions the Earth’s history into four eons and their subdivision of eras, periods, and epochs

Biology (7 decks)

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