Unit 3 list 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

Anticodon

Answer 3

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

Question 4

Cell Types

Answer 4

the basic functional units of an organism

Question 5

Cell differentiation

Answer 5

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 10

Deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 12

Double Helix

Answer 12

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

a biological catalyst that is usually a protein but could be RNA

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 16

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

Question 17

Guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 18

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

A type of RNA found in cells

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 21

Nitrogenous base

Answer 21

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

Question 22

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 22

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 23

Nucleic acid

Answer 23

are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the main information-carrying molecules of the cell

Question 24

Nucleotide

Answer 24

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 26

Peptide Bond

Answer 26

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 27

Phosphate Group

Answer 27

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Question 28

Polypeptide

Answer 28

a chain of amino acids. Amino acids bond together with peptide bonds in order to form a polypeptide

Question 29

Protein Synthesis

Answer 29

the process that cells use to create proteins

Question 30

Ribose

Answer 30

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

Question 31

RIbosome

Answer 31

an intracellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell

Question 34

Start Codon

Answer 34

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

Question 35

Stop Codon

Answer 35

a sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell

Question 36

Thymine

Answer 36

a pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 39

tRNA

Answer 39

a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis

Question 40

Uracil

Answer 40

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

Question 41

Vesicle

Answer 41

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid