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Biology > Unit 3 list 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 list 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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2
Q

Amino acids

A

molecules that combine to form proteins

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3
Q

Anticodon

A

a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

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4
Q

Cell Types

A

the basic functional units of an organism

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5
Q

Cell differentiation

A

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

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7
Q

Codon

A

a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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10
Q

Deoxyribose

A

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

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11
Q

DNA

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

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12
Q

Double Helix

A

a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

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14
Q

Enzyme

A

a biological catalyst that is usually a protein but could be RNA

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15
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

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17
Q

Guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

18
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

19
Q

mRNA

A

A type of RNA found in cells

20
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

21
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

22
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

23
Q

Nucleic acid

A

are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the main information-carrying molecules of the cell

24
Q

Nucleotide

A

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)

25
Q

Nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

26
Q

Peptide Bond

A

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

27
Q

Phosphate Group

A

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

28
Q

Polypeptide

A

a chain of amino acids. Amino acids bond together with peptide bonds in order to form a polypeptide

29
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

the process that cells use to create proteins

30
Q

Ribose

A

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

31
Q

RIbosome

A

an intracellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

32
Q

RNA

A

is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA

33
Q

rRNA

A

part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell

34
Q

Start Codon

A

the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome

35
Q

Stop Codon

A

a sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell

36
Q

Thymine

A

a pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4 carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms

37
Q

Transcription

A

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

38
Q

Translation

A

is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis

39
Q

tRNA

A

a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis

40
Q

Uracil

A

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

41
Q

Vesicle

A

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid

42
Q
A

Biology (7 decks)

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