Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Cellular Division

Answer 1

mitosis and meiosis

Question 2

Egg cell

Answer 2

female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

when sperm and an egg join together.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined charac- teristic or quality that distinguishes somebody

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

(of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells.

Question 8

Sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 9

Sperm cell

Answer 9

male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail.

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes

Question 11

Complete Dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;

Question 12

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 13

F1 (First Filial)

Answer 13

F1 stands for Filial 1, the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types

Question 14

F2 (Second Filial)

Answer 14

second generation of offspring resulting from cross-breeding.

Question 15

Genotype Ratio

Answer 15

the comparison of genetic information, the frequency

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 18

the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes

Question 19

Monohybrid cross

Answer 19

A monohybrid cross is the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.

Question 20

P (Parental Generation)

Answer 20

the first generation involving two individuals that are mated to foresee or analyze the genotypes of their offspring.

Question 21

Phenotype Ratio

Answer 21

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross

Question 22

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

the number of people in a single area

Question 24

Ratio

Answer 24

shows how many times one number contains another

Question 25

Variation

Answer 25

any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences.