Unit 1 List 2 Cell ENergy AJS

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

The reaction of something, especially the iris of the eye, to different intensities of light.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

A process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

A series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

Represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Question 8

Mitochondria Matrix

Answer 8

The inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 9

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 9

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).

Question 10

Fermentation

Answer 10

An anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available

Question 11

NADP+

Answer 11

Hydride-accepting coenzymes that play essential roles in substrate oxidation reactions in metabolism.

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy.

Question 13

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 13

The anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 14

Pigment

Answer 14

Substances produced by living organisms that have a color

Question 15

Granum

Answer 15

A coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

A pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange

Question 17

Carbon Fixation

Answer 17

Is the process wherein photosynthetic organisms (such as plants) turn inorganic carbon into organic compounds (carbohydrates).

Question 18

Heterotrophs

Answer 18

An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 19

Thylakoids

Answer 19

Tiny compartments found inside of chloroplasts

Question 20

Carotenoids

Answer 20

Pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.

Question 21

NADH

Answer 21

A universal coenzyme that plays a central role in cellular metabolism.

Question 22

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 22

Respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).

Question 23

Cellular Respiration

Answer 23

A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Question 24

Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

A cyclic pathway of enzymatic reactions which oxidizes the compounds derived from glucose,

Question 25

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 25

An acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis

Question 26

Citric Acid

Answer 26

An organic compound with the skeletal formula HOC(CO 2H)(CH 2CO 2H) 2

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level