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Biology 1 H Natalia Anaya > Unit 4 List 1 Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1 Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

amino acid sequencing

A

The process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides.

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2
Q

analogous structure

A

Features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure.

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3
Q

anatomy

A

The study of the structure of a plant or animal.

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4
Q

biochemical evidence

A

The use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes in living organisms.

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5
Q

biogeography

A

The study of the patterns of geographic distribution of organisms.

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6
Q

cladogram

A

A branching tree diagram that shows ancestral relationships among organisms.

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7
Q

common ancestry

A

An ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.

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8
Q

descent with modification

A

Passing traits from parent to offspring.

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

The general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule.

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10
Q

electrophoresis

A

A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size.

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11
Q

embryo

A

The early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother.

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12
Q

embryology

A

A branch of biology dealing with embryos and their development.

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13
Q

evolutionary tree

A

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

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14
Q

fossil record

A

The history of life as documented by fossils.

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15
Q

homologous structure

A

An organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms.

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16
Q

homology

A

Similarity of the structure or development of different species of organisms.

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17
Q

paleontology

A

The study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils.

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18
Q

phenotypic similarity

A

A measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families.

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19
Q

phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of a kind of organism.

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20
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

21
Q

vestigial structures

A

Fratures of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.

22
Q

sedimentary layers

A

Formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms.

23
Q

adaptation

A

The act of changing something like behavior to make it suitable for a new place or situation.

24
Q

behavior

A

An organism’s adaptive response to stimuli in its environment.

25
Q

competition

A

The rivalry between or among living things for territory, resources, goods, or mates.

26
Q

fitness

A

A quantitative representation of individual reproductive success.

27
Q

gene pool

A

A gene pool refers to the combination of all the genes.

28
Q

genetic variation

A

Genetic variation is the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species.

29
Q

geographic isolation

A

The physical separation of populations of organisms from 1to another due to geographical barriers.

30
Q

morphology

A

A branch of biology that studies the external and internal structures of living things.

31
Q

natural selection

A

Process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype.

32
Q

phenotypic expression

A

The observable characteristics in an organism from the expressing of genes.

33
Q

physiology

A

The study of how living organisms function.

34
Q

population

A

A group of organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time.

35
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species.

36
Q

Sexual selection

A

The process by which individuals compete for mates and fertilization opportunities.

37
Q

Speciation

A

How a new kind of plant or animal species is created.

38
Q

Species

A

A group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature.

39
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic of an individual.

40
Q

Coevolution

A

Where 2 (or more) species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution.

41
Q

Convergent evolution

A

When organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviors.

42
Q

Divergent evolution

A

The process that occurs when 2 groups from the same species evolve distinct traits.

43
Q

Founder effect

A

When a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.

44
Q

Gene flow

A

Any movement of individuals, or the genetic material they carry.

45
Q

Gene frequency

A

The ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles.

46
Q

Gene pool

A

The combination of all the genes present in a reproducing population or species.

47
Q

Genetic drift

A

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

48
Q

Geologic record

A

The irreplaceable account of the joint history between the Earth and living organisms.

Biology 1 H Natalia Anaya (7 decks)

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