Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Herdity

Question 1

Cellular division

Answer 1

The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

The female reproductive cell, or gamete.

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

The study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

The process of combining the male gamete with the female gamete.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA in an organism.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

The traits that are transferred from parents to the offspring.

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

An organism composed of many cells.

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

The production of new organism by the combination of gametes of 2 individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in human cells.

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

A condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

A breeding experiment between two organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

The first generation of offspring

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

The generation produced by interbreeding individuals of an F1

Question 15

genotypic ratio

Answer 15

Describes the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 16

No mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

When it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations.

Question 18

incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Where both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 19

monohybrid cross

Answer 19

A cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.

Question 20

P (parental) generation

Answer 20

The first in any genetic cross pollination experiment.

Question 21

phenotypic ratio

Answer 21

A ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.

Question 22

polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

The inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes

Question 23

population

Answer 23

a number of individuals of the same species in a given area.

Question 24

ratio

Answer 24

Acomparison in terms of a quotient of 2 numbers a and b

Question 25

variation

Answer 25

The differences between individuals of the same species