Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

1of 2 or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome.

Question 2

centromere

Answer 2

The region of the chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during cell division.

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

1 of the 2 identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

A combination of DNA and proteins in the cell nucleus that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

Question 5

codon (chart)

Answer 5

A chart of all the codons and the amino acids they stand for.

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

The exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.

Question 7

daughter cell

Answer 7

The cells that are formed after cell division.

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA.

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

Two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

The molecule that carries genetic information.

Question 11

fertilization

Answer 11

Sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development.

Question 12

frameshift

Answer 12

A genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence.

Question 13

gamete

Answer 13

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant..

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 15

gene mutation

Answer 15

A change in one or more genes.

Question 16

genetic code

Answer 16

The instructions in a gene that tell a cell how to make a protein.

Question 17

genetic variation

Answer 17

The variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes.

Question 18

haploid

Answer 18

The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.

Question 19

independent assortment

Answer 19

The alleles of 2 genes will segregate into daughter cells independent of one another.

Question 20

homologous chromosome

Answer 20

Pairs of chromosomes originating from each parent.

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

A mutation that involves the addition of 1or more nucleotides to DNA.

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half

Question 23

meiosis I

Answer 23

The number of cells is doubled but the number of chromosomes is not.

Question 24

meiosis II

Answer 24

The sister chromatids within the 2 daughter cells separate, forming 4 new haploid gametes.

Question 25

monosomy

Answer 25

The absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes.

Question 26

mutagen

Answer 26

A chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA (mutations)

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

The failure of the chromosomes to separate during cell division.

Question 29

offspring

Answer 29

The product of the reproductive processes of an organism.

Question 30

parent cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells.

Question 31

point mutation

Answer 31

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide.

Question 32

replication

Answer 32

The process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells.

Question 33

sexual reproduction

Answer 33

The production of new organisms by two individuals of different sexes.

Question 34

somatic cell

Answer 34

Any type cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction.

Question 35

substitution

Answer 35

A type of mutation in which 1 nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.

Question 36

trisomy

Answer 36

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells.

Question 37

trait

Answer 37

A specific characteristic of an individual.