Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy Flashcards
Autotroph
An organism that can produce its own food.
Light Reactions
Converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.
Chlorophyll
A pigment that gives plants their green color.
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants transform light energy into chemical energy.
Calvin cycle
The cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars.
Electron Transport Chain
A series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions.
NADPH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. An important electron donor.
Pigment
Any coloured material found in a plant or animal cell.
Granum
A stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Stomata
Apore surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange.
Carbon Fixation
The conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.
Heterotrophs
An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
Thylakoids
Tiny stack components found inside of chloroplasts.
Carotenoids
A group of naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.
Mitochondrial matrix
The mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.
Aerobic respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates.
Fermentation
An anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose.
NAD+
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. The transport of high-energy electrons for the production of ATP.
Alcoholic fermentation
A biological process which converts sugars into cellular energy.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy.
NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen. NADH made by the body is involved in making energy in the body.
Anaerobic respiration
It occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration.
Cellular respiration
A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP.
Krebs cycle
A series of reactions catalyzed by seven enzymes in mitochondria.
Pyruvic acid
A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars.
Citric acid
A sour organic acid occurring in cellular metabolism.
ATP
The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
ADP
A biological molecule consisting of one adenine,one sugar, and two phosphates.
