Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
adenine
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
amino acid
Molecules that combine to form proteins.
anticodon
A trinucleotide sequence that is located at one end of tRNA.
cell types
The basic functional units of an organism.
cell differentiation
The process of cells becoming more specialized.
chromosome
A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.
codon
A three-letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA.
cytoplasm
The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
cytosine
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.
deoxyribose
Asugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 4 oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA.
double helix
A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.
endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth and rough)
A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.
enzyme
Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.
gene
The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
Golgi apparatus
A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm.
guanine
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
hydrogen bond
An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.
mRNA
A type of RNA found in cells.
mutation
Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.
nitrogenous base
A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.
nuclear membrane
A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.
nucleic acid
Large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.
nucleotide
The basic building block of nucleic acids.
nucleus
The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.
peptide bond
A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.
phosphate group
A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.
polypeptides
A chain of amino acids linked together by covalent bonds.
protein synthesis
The process that cells use to create proteins.
ribose
A sugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 5 oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA
ribosome
A tiny part of a cell with the specific job of making protein.
RNA
A molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.
rRNA
Part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell.
start codon
A sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
stop codon
Mark the end of the protein and where translation needs to end.
thymine
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.
transcription
The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.
translation
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA
tRNA
A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.
uracil
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.
vesicle
A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.
