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Biology 1 H Natalia Anaya > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

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1
Q

adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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2
Q

amino acid

A

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

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3
Q

anticodon

A

A trinucleotide sequence that is located at one end of tRNA.

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4
Q

cell types

A

The basic functional units of an organism.

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5
Q

cell differentiation

A

The process of cells becoming more specialized.

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6
Q

chromosome

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

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7
Q

codon

A

A three-letter genetic sequence found in both DNA and RNA.

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

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9
Q

cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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10
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

A molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual.

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11
Q

deoxyribose

A

Asugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 4 oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA.

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12
Q

double helix

A

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth and rough)

A

A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

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14
Q

enzyme

A

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

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15
Q

gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm.

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17
Q

guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.

19
Q

mRNA

A

A type of RNA found in cells.

20
Q

mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

23
Q

nucleic acid

A

Large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

24
Q

nucleotide

A

The basic building block of nucleic acids.

25
Q

nucleus

A

The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

26
Q

peptide bond

A

A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

27
Q

phosphate group

A

A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms.

28
Q

polypeptides

A

A chain of amino acids linked together by covalent bonds.

29
Q

protein synthesis

A

The process that cells use to create proteins.

30
Q

ribose

A

A sugar that has 5 carbon atoms and 5 oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA

31
Q

ribosome

A

A tiny part of a cell with the specific job of making protein.

32
Q

RNA

A

A molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

33
Q

rRNA

A

Part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell.

34
Q

start codon

A

A sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

35
Q

stop codon

A

Mark the end of the protein and where translation needs to end.

36
Q

thymine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.

37
Q

transcription

A

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.

38
Q

translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

39
Q

tRNA

A

A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

40
Q

uracil

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

41
Q

vesicle

A

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.

Biology 1 H Natalia Anaya (7 decks)

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