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Biology 1 H Isis Velasquez > Unit 4 List 1 Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1 Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino acid sequencing

A

The process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides.

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2
Q

Analogous structure

A

A trait which serves the same or similar functions between separate organisms, but have different structures.

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

The science that studies the structure of the body.

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4
Q

Biochemical evidence

A

The use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

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5
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of the distribution of plants, animals, and other types of life.

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6
Q

Cladogram

A

A diagram that shows relationships between species.

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7
Q

Common ancestry

A

An ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.

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8
Q

Descent with modification

A

Passing traits from parent to offspring.

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

Determining the order of the four chemical building blocks that make up the DNA molecule.

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10
Q

Electrophoresis

A

A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

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11
Q

Embryo

A

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants.

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12
Q

Embryology

A

The study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus.

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13
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

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14
Q

Fossil record

A

A collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth.

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15
Q

Homologous structure

A

Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions.

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16
Q

Homology

A

Having the same typical structure and position.

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17
Q

Paleontology

A

The study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils.

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18
Q

Phenotypic similarity

A

A measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families.

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19
Q

Phylogeny

A

The representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms.

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20
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

21
Q

Vestigial structures

A

A feature that a species inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in the ancestor.

22
Q

Sedimentary layers

A

Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers called beds or strata. A bed is defined as a layer of rock that has a uniform lithology and texture.

23
Q

Adaptation

A

The evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats.

24
Q

Behavior

A

The change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus.

25
Q

Competition

A

A relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place.

26
Q

Gene pool

A

The combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

26
Q

Fitness

A

An organism’s ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring.

27
Q

Genetic variation

A

A term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes.

28
Q

Geographic isolation

A

The physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

29
Q

Morphology

A

The study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

30
Q

Natural selection

A

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

31
Q

Phenotypic expression

A

An individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type.

32
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how the human body works.

33
Q

Population

A

All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.

34
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences.

35
Q

Sexual selection

A

The process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities.

36
Q

Speciation

A

The process by which new species form.

37
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

38
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic of an individual.

39
Q

Coevolution

A

The process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species or among groups of species as they interact with one another.

40
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviors, often as solutions to the same problems.

41
Q

Divergent evolution

A

The process by which interbreeding species diverged into two or more evolutionary groups.

42
Q

Founder effect

A

The reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population.

43
Q

Gene flow

A

Any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another.

44
Q

Gene frequency

A

The ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles at its genetic locus.

45
Q

Gene pool

A

The combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

46
Q

Genetic drift

A

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

47
Q

Geologic record

A

The irreplaceable account of the joint history between the Earth and living organisms.

Biology 1 H Isis Velasquez (7 decks)

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