Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Cellular division

Answer 1

The division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 2

Egg cell

Answer 2

The female reproductive cell, or gamete.

Question 3

Epigenetic

Answer 3

The study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

Those characteristics that are passed from parents to their children.

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

An organism composed of many cells.

Question 8

Sexual reproduction

Answer 8

The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 9

Sperm cell

Answer 9

The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle.

Question 10

Autosomal

Answer 10

One of the numbered chromosomes.

Question 11

Dihybrid cross

Answer 11

A mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 12

Genotypic ratio

Answer 12

The proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross.

Question 12

Complete dominance

Answer 12

A condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele.

Question 13

F2 (second filial)

Answer 13

The result of a cross between two F1 individuals.

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

The first generation of offspring.

Question 14

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 14

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by a number of forces, including mutations, natural selection, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow.

Question 15

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 15

The genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 16

Monohybrid cross

Answer 16

A cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

A form of gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.

Question 18

P (parental) generation

Answer 18

The first in any genetic cross pollination experiment.

Question 19

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 19

A ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.

Question 20

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 20

The inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.

Question 21

Population

Answer 21

All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.

Question 22

Ratio

Answer 22

The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.

Question 23

Variation

Answer 23

The differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors.