Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
Cellular division
The division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.
Egg cell
The female reproductive cell, or gamete.
Epigenetic
The study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
Fertilization
The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female gamete, or ovum.
Genome
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.
Inherited traits
Those characteristics that are passed from parents to their children.
Multicellular organism
An organism composed of many cells.
Sexual reproduction
The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
Sperm cell
The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle.
Autosomal
One of the numbered chromosomes.
Dihybrid cross
A mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
Genotypic ratio
The proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross.
Complete dominance
A condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele.
F2 (second filial)
The result of a cross between two F1 individuals.
F1 (first filial)
The first generation of offspring.
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by a number of forces, including mutations, natural selection, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
The genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
Monohybrid cross
A cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.
Incomplete dominance
A form of gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
P (parental) generation
The first in any genetic cross pollination experiment.
Phenotypic ratio
A ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance.
Polygenic inheritance
The inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes.
Population
All the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.
Ratio
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
Variation
The differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors.
