Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

Light reaction is the process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

A pigment that gives plants their green color, and it helps plants create their own food through photosynthesis.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

A series of reactions, occurring during photosynthesis, in which glucose is synthesized from carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

This is where energized electrons are passed through proteins to generate ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis.

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

An important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings.

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

Any substance whose presence in the tissues or cells of animals or plants colors them.

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

A granum is a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

The small openings on a plant leaf that allows oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out.

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

The process by which plants fix atmospheric carbon to form organic compounds.

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

Pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell.

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

Pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.

Question 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 15

The mitochondria matrix is the innermost part of the mitochondria.

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

The process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food.

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

The process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance.

Question 18

NAD+

Answer 18

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism.

Question 19

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 19

A biological process by which sugar is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.

Question 21

NADH

Answer 21

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme central to metabolism.

Question 22

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

The type of respiration through which cells can break down sugars to generate energy in the absence of oxygen.

Question 23

Cellular respiration

Answer 23

The process by which chemical energy is released during the oxidation of organic molecules.

Question 24

Krebs cycle

Answer 24

A series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.

Question 25

Pyruvic acid

Answer 25

An acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis.

Question 26

Citric acid

Answer 26

A sour organic acid occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used as a flavoring.

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

Adenosine triphosphate. The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Question 28

ADP

Answer 28

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy.