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Biology 1 H Isis Velasquez > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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2
Q

Amino acid

A

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

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3
Q

Anticodon

A

A trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

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4
Q

Cell types

A

Cell types are the basic functional units of an organism.

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5
Q

Cell differentiation

A

The process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body.

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

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7
Q

Codon

A

A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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10
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.

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11
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

The molecule that carries genetic information.

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12
Q

Double helix

A

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)

A

A network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

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14
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

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15
Q

Gene

A

The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring.

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm.

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17
Q

Guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

18
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

19
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds.

20
Q

mRNA

A

mRNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins.

21
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

22
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

23
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

24
Q

Nucleotide

A

A building block for nucleic acids.

24
Q

Nucleus

A

The central part of an atom, usually made up of protons and neutrons.

25
Q

Peptide bond

A

A chemical bond by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

26
Q

Phosphate group

A

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

27
Q

Polypeptides

A

A single linear chain of many amino acids held together by amide bonds.

28
Q

Protein synthesis

A

The process that cells use to create proteins.

29
Q

Ribose

A

An organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.

30
Q

Ribosome

A

A structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins.

31
Q

RNA

A

A nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA. However, RNA is single-stranded.

32
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA is part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell.

33
Q

Start codon

A

The first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.

34
Q

Stop codon

A

A codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

35
Q

Thymine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.

36
Q

Transcription

A

The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

37
Q

Translation

A

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).

38
Q

tRNA

A

A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

39
Q

Uracil

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

40
Q

Vesicle

A

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.

Biology 1 H Isis Velasquez (7 decks)

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