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Biology > Unit 4 list 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4 list 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

amino acid sequencing

A

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

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2
Q

analogous structure

A

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

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3
Q

anatomy

A

The study of the structure of a plant or animal

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4
Q

biochemical evidence

A

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, providing crucial insights into evolutionary relationships

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5
Q

biogeography

A

the study of the distribution of plants, animals, and other types of life

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6
Q

cladogram

A

a diagram that shows relationships between species

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7
Q

common ancestry

A

the ancestor of two or more species in the later period

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8
Q

descent with modification

A

passing traits from parent to offspring

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9
Q

DNA sequencing

A

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

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10
Q

electrophoresis

A

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

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11
Q

embryo

A

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother

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12
Q

embryology

A

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage.

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13
Q

evolutionary tree

A

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

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14
Q

fossil record

A

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

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15
Q

homologous structure

A

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

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16
Q

homology

A

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

17
Q

paleontology

A

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

18
Q

phenotypic similarity

A

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

19
Q

phylogeny

A

the representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms

20
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

21
Q

vestigial structures

A

a body part that is reduced or impaired from its ancestral condition, and no longer has a function within a species

22
Q

sedimentary layers

A

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms

23
Q

adaptation

A

the act of changing something or changing your behavior to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation

24
Q

behavior

A

anything that an organism does involving action and response to stimulation

25
Q

competition

A

the act or process of trying to get or win something (such as a prize or a higher level of success) that someone else is also trying to get or win

26
Q

fitness

A

the ability to carry out daily tasks without undue fatigue

27
Q

gene pool

A

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

28
Q

genetic variation

A

a term used to describe the variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

29
Q

geographic isolation

A

he physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

30
Q

morphology

A

the study of the internal structure of words

31
Q

Natural selection

A

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt, and change

32
Q

Phenotypic expression

A

The observable characteristics in an organism that result from the expression of jeans

33
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how the human body works

34
Q

Population

A

The whole number of people or inhabitants in the country or region

35
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

A breakdown in the ability to reproduce sexual partners of another type of organism

36
Q

Sexual selection

A

The process by which individuals compete horse access to mates in fertilization opportunities

37
Q

Speciation

A

How a new kind of plant or animal species is created

38
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offsprings

39
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic of an individual

Biology (7 decks)

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