unit 3 list 3 DNA&Heredity Flashcards
cellular division
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells
egg cell
female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms
epigenetic
how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
fertilization
when sperm and an egg join together
genome
the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell
inherited traits
the traits or characteristics that are transferred from parents to the offspring, genetically
Multicellular organizim
an organism composed of many cells
sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
sperm cell
a form of gamete or reproductive cell found in the male human body
autosomal
the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes
complete dominance
a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele;
dihybrid cross
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits
F1 (first filial
the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types
F2 (second filial
the result of a cross between two F1 individuals
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism
genotypic ratio
the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross
Hardy-Weinberg conditions
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
incomplete dominance
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
monohybrid cross
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait
P (parental) generation
the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment
phenotype
height, eye color and blood type
phenotypic ratio
the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.
polygenic inheritance
a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes
population
the total number of people inhabiting a country, city, or any district or area
ratio
a term that is used to compare two or more numbers
variation
