Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > DNA and Heredity > Flashcards

DNA and Heredity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

amino acid

A

molecules that combine to form proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anticodon

A

a triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cell types

A

the basic functional units of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cell differentiation

A

the process in which cells from the same source gradually produce cell groups with different morphological structures and functional characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chromosome

A

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

codon

A

a sequence of three nucleotide bases/letters in a DNA or RNA strand, that is a part of the genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cytoplasm

A

The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell’s nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

deoxyribose

A

a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA

A

a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

double helix

A

the arrangement in space of DNA that resembles a spirally twisted ladder with the sides made up of the sugar and phosphate units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

enzyme

A

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds

19
Q

mRNA

A

A type of RNA found in cells

20
Q

mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

23
Q

nucleic acid

A

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

24
Q

nucleotide

A

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA).

25
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

26
Q

peptide bond

A

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

27
Q

phosphate group

A

A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

28
Q

polypeptides

A

a chain of amino acids

29
Q

protein synthesis

A

the process in which cells make proteins.

30
Q

ribose

A

a sugar that has five carbon atoms and five oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of RNA

31
Q

ribosome

A

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins

32
Q

RNA

A

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

33
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA), molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome

34
Q

start codon

A

the first base in the 5′-flanking region of a gene where the process of transcription begins, initiating the translation of genetic information into proteins

35
Q

stop codon

A

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

36
Q

thymine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA

37
Q

transcription

A

the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence

38
Q

translation

A

a rendering from one language into another

39
Q

tRNA

A

a small RNA molecule that functions as an adapter in protein synthesis by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome

40
Q

uracil

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA.

41
Q

vesicle

A

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions